小波分析理论及其在雷达信号处理中的应用

依据所处理信号类型的不同,对小波变换与短时傅立叶变换进行了比较,说明小波变换适用于非平稳信号和奇异信号的处理.简要介绍了连续小波变换、离散小波变换和小波包理论的基本内容,讨论了小波变换实际应用中的采样和快速算法等几个关键问题.结合矢量量化技术,给出了一种用小波变换对星载SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar)原始数据进行压缩的方法,结果表明,与传统的方法相比,由该方法压缩后的原始数据生成的SAR图像具有更大的信噪比.同时对小波变换用于雷达目标识别和SAR图像分类的性能进行了初步分析.      

Contributions from nearby pulsars to the local cosmic ray electron spectrum

PSR J0437-4715 is one of the closest millisecond pulsars (MSPs) to Earth, lying at a distance of ∼140 pc. This pulsar has a characteristic age of 4.9 Gyr and a relatively low spindown power of ∼10³⁴ ergs/s. During its rather long lifetime, a large fraction of the energy output has been in the form of multi-TeV electrons. In this paper, we investigate the possible contribution of this nearby MSP to the local interstellar electron spectrum (LIS). The old age of the system justifies a steady-state evaluation of the contribution from this pulsar to the LIS. We calculate the electron spectrum at the light cylinder in the framework of a General Relativistic polar cap (PC) model, and use this as an injection spectrum in a diffusion model. The younger Geminga pulsar is also very close to Earth and warrants investigation. A steady-state approach is however no longer justified, so we use an impulsive injection model. We will present results of a study of the contribution from these pulsars to the cosmic ray (CR) LIS. Our calculations show that pulsars like Geminga can make a non-negligible contribution to the LIS.     

混沌信号的一种简单设计方法及应用

在对一类简单的能够产生混沌现象的映射过程进行统计特性分析的基础上,利用其协方差函数特点,介绍了一种自协方差函数为ｃ（ｋ）＝ｃ（０）αｋ,０＜α＜１形式的混沌信号的简单设计方法及应用,从而为有目的地产生混沌信号,利用及分析混沌信号提供了新的信号获取途径。     

单片机控制的一种新型高速数据采集方法

本文提出了一种实用的新型高速数据采集的实现方案,可实现采样速度从10MH_z～20MH_z的数据采集,由单片机实现控制管理,A/D转换器件用最普通的AD0809,利用某些信号具有重复性的特点,用硬件搭出高速部分,分时地对信号进行采样,从而实现对整个信号的采集。     

基于非对称SVPWM的电动汽车五相永磁无刷电机容错控制

针对电动汽车用五相永磁无刷电机单相开路故障,提出了一种基于非对称空间矢量脉宽调制策略的故障容错控制方案。新型故障容错控制的设计分为两个部分,对五相永磁无刷电机驱动系统开路故障下的电压矢量关系进行了分析,然后对空间矢量调制算法进行改进,即在一个扇区中选择构成不对称波形的开关状态作为输出。该非对称空间矢量调制可以降低非故障相的电流谐波和降低转矩脉动。基于试验平台开展了试验研究,试验结果验证了新型容错控制可实现系统故障期间的低转矩脉动,且保持较好的动态性能。     

X射线脉冲星绝对定位法研究

研究和分析了脉冲星定位方法中的绝对定位法。通过一系列的公式和图表详细分析了定位算法的理论依据,同时还对整周模糊度问题的解算进行了研究。最后,利用MATLAB建立了一个简单模型,对定位算法进行仿真。结果表明定位准确度与星载原子钟准确度、脉冲星相位模型准确度以及相位观测误差有直接联系。     

基于相似性传播聚类算法的机会信号选择

介绍了复杂低空环境下的机会信号导航方法,并提出了一种机会信号选择方法,解决了机会导航信号源类型多、数量多难以选择的问题.由于信号源的几何精度因子(GDOP,Geometry Dilution of Precision)越小则定位精度越高,同一区域信号对GDOP影响相似,因此采用聚类的方法选择信号.首先,将各信号间的距离作为相似度测量参数,通过相似性传播聚类算法获得相似类组;然后,依据类组的中心点确定所选类组;最后,从中选择组内的机会信号.经仿真,分析了不同分布的机会信号聚类特点,通过对汶川震区机会信号选择的仿真,验证了相似性传播聚类算法的有效性.另外,该方法在复杂低空飞行应用中将大大提高信号选择的效率.     

航空发动机叶片-机匣碰摩故障的机匣振动加速度 特征分析及验证

为了提取叶片机匣碰摩状态下的机匣振动加速度特征,利用航空发动机转子系统模型的试验器,进行了转子叶片-机匣的单点碰摩和偏摩试验,通过频谱分析和倒频谱分析方法,分析了机匣振动加速度信号的碰摩特征,结果表明:机匣振动加速度具有明显的周期冲击特征,其冲击频率为旋转频率与叶片数的积,在频谱上出现了该冲击频率及其倍频,冲击的大小受旋转频率调制,在频率上表现出冲击频率及其倍频两侧出现了以旋转频率为间隔的边频带族。从倒频谱图中可以明显看出转频及其倍频的倒频率成分,并用实际航空发动机试车数据验证了分析结果。     

Pre-correction X-ray pulsar navigation algorithm based on asynchronous overlapping observation method

In order to shorten the data update period and further improve the accuracy, a pre-correction X-ray pulsar navigation algorithm based on asynchronous overlapping observation method is proposed. The asynchronous overlapping observation method partially overlaps the two adjacent observation periods, so that the data update period depends on the minimum pulsar observation period rather than the maximum like the other algorithms. The number of sampling points is also reduced to 2, which will effectively reduce the calculation burden. The proposed pre-correction extended Kalman filter uses observation data of adjacent sampling points to achieve a two-fold correction and makes up for the problem of insufficient observations on some sampling points caused by the observation method. Finally, simulations show that the proposed algorithm reduces the position and velocity errors by 21.55% and 19.13% compared to the EKF based on asynchronous observation method when using three detectors to observe the corresponding pulsars simultaneously. At the same time, the running time of one data update calculation is only 6.6% more than that of the EKF algorithm based on synchronous observation method.     

Satellite availability and positioning performance of uncombined precise point positioning using BeiDou-2 and BeiDou-3 multi-frequency signals

To realize the smooth transition from regional BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-2) to the global one (BDS-3), the integration of BDS-2 and BDS-3 is important for providing continuous, stable and reliable positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) services for global users. This work used 154 globally distributed multi-GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) experiment stations spanning 30 days to analyze the satellite availability and positioning performance of uncombined precise point positioning (UC-PPP) under current BDS-2 and BDS-3 constellations. We focused on three issues: the influence of BDS-3 receiver tracking abilities, the positioning performance among different areas, and the benefit of multi-frequency observations. The results show that the elliptical zone caused by poor BDS-2 satellite visibility is disappeared when the evenly distributed BDS-3 medium earth orbit satellites are introduced. When BDS-3 are integrated with BDS-2, the area with the Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) less than 2 can be expanded to 75° S-75° N and 30° E-150° W. The positioning performance of BDS-3 and BDS-2/BDS-3 UC-PPP are seriously affected by the receiver tracking abilities of BDS-3 signals. When the maximum pseudo-random noise sequences (PRNs) of BDS-3 satellites tracked by stations are within 30 or 37, the positioning accuracy of static UC-PPP can be improved by 22.94% or 8.27% due to the integration of BDS-2 and BDS-3. Besides, the most improvement of BDS-2 and BDS-3 integration is achieved in Asia-Pacific regions, especially for the kinematic UC-PPP or the poor receiver tracking abilities of BDS-3. Similar to the multi-frequency BDS-2 UC-PPP, the benefit of multi-frequency signals for BDS-3 or BDS-2/BDS-3 UC-PPP is also non-vital. The three-dimensional positioning accuracy of BDS-2/BDS-3 multi-frequency UC-PPP in static mode and kinematic mode are 2.24 cm and 5.39 cm, while the corresponding convergence time are 49.62 min and 73.80 min, respectively. Compared with BDS-2, both the positioning accuracy and the convergence time of BDS-2/BDS-3 joint UC-PPP are improved by approximately over 50%, which indicates that BDS-3 has a great potential to provide high-quality PNT services as other global navigation satellite systems.