透平叶片顶部间隙流动特性的实验和数值研究

利用粒子图像测速技术(PIV)捕捉透平叶片顶部泄漏流特征,并以此数据验证湍流模型和用商业软件CFX12.0进行的数值模拟方法.所研究的叶片为典型的GE-E3叶片,为了展示泄漏涡的生成和发展过程,用实验数据展示了3个不同截面的速度分布.数值计算中使用了混合网格生成技术及5种湍流模型.通过与实验数据的比较发现:RNG k-ε模型计算所得的泄漏涡与实验所拍摄的真实流动能较好地吻合.此模型和计算方法同样适用于研究叶顶射流对泄漏流的影响.计算结果显示:通过叶片顶部气膜孔射流产生的阻挡效应,最多能降低6.12%的主流泄漏.     

氧化剂含量和粒度对NEPE推进剂燃速影响的模型化

以高能固体推进剂热分解特性和燃烧模型的研究成果为基础,建立了由化学结构参数计算NEPE推进剂的燃速和压强指数的公式,计算了氧化剂组分含量和粒度对燃烧性能的影响。经验证,计算结果与实测燃速值的偏差全部在±20%以内,其中80%的偏差在±10%以内。这说明所建立的模型基本合理,编制的NEPE类推进剂燃速计算程序基本可行。     

The adjusted optical properties for Galileo/BeiDou-2/QZS-1 satellites and initial results on BeiDou-3e and QZS-2 satellites

Solar Radiation Pressure (SRP) is the dominant non-gravitational perturbation for GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) satellites. In the absence of precise surface models, the Empirical CODE Orbit Models (ECOM, ECOM2) are widely used in GNSS satellite orbit determination. Based on previous studies, the use of an a priori box-wing model enhances the ECOM model, especially if the spacecraft is a stretched body satellite. However, so far not all the GNSS system providers have published their metadata. To ensure a precise use of the a priori box-wing model, we estimate the optical parameters of all the Galileo, BeiDou-2, and QZS-1 (Quasi Zenith Satellite System) satellites based on the physical processes from SRP to acceleration. Validation using orbit prediction proves that the adjusted parameters of Galileo and QZS-1 satellites exhibit almost the same performance as the corresponding published and “best guess” values. Whereas, the estimated parameters of BeiDou-2 satellites demonstrate an improvement of more than 60% over the initial “guess” values. The resulting optical parameters of all the satellites are introduced into an a priori box-wing model, which is jointly used with ECOM and ECOM2 model in the orbit determination. Results show that the pure ECOM2 model exhibits better performance than the pure ECOM model for Galileo, BeiDou-2 GEO and QZS-1 orbits. Combined with the a priori box-wing model the ECOM model (ECOM+BW) results in the best Galileo, BeiDou-2 GEO and QZS-1 orbits. The standard deviation (STD) of satellite laser ranging residuals reduce by about 20% and 5% with respect to the pure ECOM2 model for Galileo and BeiDou-2 GEO orbits, while the reductions are about 40% and 60% for QZS-1 orbits in yaw-steering and orbit-normal mode respectively. BeiDou-2 IGSO and MEO satellite orbits do not benefit much from the a priori box-wing model. In summary, we suggest setting up a unified SRP model of ECOM+BW for Galileo, QZS-1, and BeiDou-2 orbits based on the adjusted metadata. In addition, we estimate the optical parameters of BeiDou-3e and QZS-2 satellites using a limited number of tracking stations. Results regarding the unified SRP model indicate the same advantages, the STD of satellite laser ranging residuals reduces by about 30% and 20% for QZS-2 and BeiDou-3e orbits respectively over orbit products without a priori model. The estimation procedure is effective and easy to apply to the new emerging satellites in the future.     

Geometric error analysis of an over-constrained parallel tracking mechanism using the screw theory

This paper deals with geometric error modeling and sensitivity analysis of an overconstrained parallel tracking mechanism. The main contribution is the consideration of overconstrained features that are usually ignored in previous research. The reciprocal property between a motion and a force is applied to tackle this problem in the framework of the screw theory. First of all, a nominal kinematic model of the parallel tracking mechanism is formulated. On this basis, the actual twist of the moving platform is computed through the superposition of the joint twist and geometric errors. The actuation and constrained wrenches of each limb are applied to exclude the joint displacement. After eliminating repeated errors brought by the multiplication of wrenches, a geometric error model of the parallel tracking mechanism is built. Furthermore,two sensitivity indices are defined to select essential geometric errors for future kinematic calibration. Finally, the geometric error model with minimum geometric errors is verified by simulation with SolidWorks software. Two typical poses of the parallel tracking mechanism are selected, and the differences between simulation and calculation results are very small. The results confirm the correctness and accuracy of the geometric error modeling method for over-constrained parallel mechanisms.     

A formal approach using SysML for capturing functional requirements in avionics domain

In this work, a Model-Based Systems Engineering approach based on SysML is proposed. This approach is used for the capture and the definition of functional requirements in avionics domain. The motivation of this work is triple: guide the capture of functional requirements, validate these functional requirements through functional simulation, and verify efficiently the consistency of these functional requirements. The proposed approach is decomposed into several steps that are detailed to go from conceptual model of avionics domain to a formal functional model that can be simulated in its operating context. To achieve this work, a subset of SysML has been used as an intermediate modelling language to ensure progressive transformation that can be understood and agreed by system stakeholders. Formal concepts are introduced to ensure theoretical consistency of the approach. In addition, transformation rules are defined and the mappings between concepts of ARP4754A civil aircraft guidelines and SysML are formalized through meta-model. The resulting formalization enables engineers to perform functional simulation of the top-level functional architecture extracted from operational scenarios. Finally, the approach has been tested on an industrial avionics system called the Onboard Maintenance System.     

A new modeling scheme for powered parafoil unmanned aerial vehicle platforms: Theory and experiments

A novel framework is established for accurate modeling of Powered Parafoil Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (PPUAV). The model is developed in the following three steps: obtaining a linear dynamic model, simplifying the model structure, and estimating the model mismatch due to model variance and external disturbance factors. First, a six degree-of-freedom linear model, or the structured model, is obtained through dynamic establishment and linearization. Second, the data correlation analysis is adopted to determine the criterion for proper model complexity and to simplify the structured model. Next, an active model is established, combining the simplified model with the model mismatch estimator. An adapted Kalman filter is utilized for the real-time estimation of states and model mismatch. We finally derive a linear system model while taking into account of model variance and external disturbance. Actual flight tests verify the effectiveness of our active model in different flight scenarios.     

EWIS 数字化设计技术分析

针对EWIS数字化设计技术的需求,利用CHS软件建立模型库,通过CATIA三维建模和ANSYS数字仿真等方法,提高EWIS研制效率和保证产品的准确性,降低成本,缩短研制周期。对EWIS数字化设计技术的应用提供了指导意见。     

静强度杆板模型和单梁模型动响应载荷比较

文中通过将某型飞机机身等直段的静强度杆板模型,进行修改来得到动力学杆板模型,与此同时,建立了相应的单梁动力学模型,为了保证2种模型的动力学相似,根据动力学杆板模型的模态频率和振型,对单梁动力学模型进行了修正。对2个模型加载了同样的载荷时间历程,并对2个模型的截面积分载荷进行了比较,并将中间截面积分载荷极值时刻的杆板动力学模型的应力分布和静强度模型加载相同载荷后的应力分布,进行了比较。比较的结果表明,在主要模态频率和振型一致的条件下,单梁动力学模型在截面载荷响应和严重情况应力分布方面与静强度杆板动力学模型也有较好的一致性。此结果在一定程度上,为采用单梁动力学模型计算动响应载荷的合理性提供了佐证。     

云制造环境下机床装备资源选择方法

针对云制造环境下机床装备资源具有数量大、异质异构、服务制约因素多等问题,提出了基于多准则决策的机床装备资源选择方法。首先,利用本体论对机床装备资源建模,将物理资源虚拟化封装,实现虚拟资源与物理资源的逻辑映射。进一步地,使用语言变量量化决策者评估信息,采用模糊决策与试验评价实验室（FDEMATEL）和熵值法（EW）相结合的组合赋权法,引入模糊VIKOR（FVIKOR）多属性决策方法对机床装备资源进行综合评估,建立FDEMATEL-EW-FVIKOR的多准则混合决策模型。最后,将该方法应用于某生产制造企业,实验对比决策结果验证了多准则混合决策模型的可行性和有效性。     

全模颤振双索悬挂系统刚体模态频率研究

研究绳系结构和绳索预紧力对全模颤振双索悬挂系统刚体模态频率的影响。首先,基于绳索并联机构理论,对双索悬挂系统进行静力学建模,引入加权矩阵,推导了双索悬挂系统静刚度模型;其次,建立双索悬挂系统无阻尼振荡方程,分析双索悬挂系统刚体模态频率变化规律;进而,搭建了双索悬挂系统地面样机,开展系统模态频率测试试验,研究系统刚体模态频率的影响因素及其变化规律;最后,参考试验结果修正所建数学模型。结果表明,随着绳索预紧力的增加,系统刚体模态频率呈上升趋势,但各阶刚体模态的固有频率上升速率不同,平动模态的固有频率受绳索预紧力影响比转动模态小得多;在转动模态方面,滚转模态的固有频率最大且上升快;在平动模态方面,升沉模态的固有频率大于横侧滑模态的固有频率;双索经过的机身前后滑轮与飞机模型质心之间的相对位置变化会不同程度地影响支撑系统俯仰模态、偏航模态的固有频率,但几乎不影响其滚转模态的固有频率。研究发现,通过控制悬挂绳索预紧力的大小,合理设计机身上的滑轮安装位置,能够有效降低双索悬挂系统刚体模态频率。研究结果对于优化设计全模颤振双索悬挂系统具有指导意义。