有限空间轴对称射流流场的数值模拟

本文在к－ε紊流模型下，采用罚有限元法对有限空间轴对称射流流场进行数值模拟。引用罚函数优化迎风格式和退化积分，建立有限元解法的数值矩阵，在不同截面上求得工，压力和紊流参数分布，计算结果与实验数据十分接近。本文研究结果可应用于火箭发动机的喷射设计和射流量论的研究。     

面内弯曲载荷作用下两边简支两边固支复合材料层合板的屈曲

为扩充航空复合材料结构稳定性设计手段,基于Levy形式级数和有限差分法,提出了面内纯弯曲载荷作用下两边简支两边固支（SSCC）复合材料层合板临界屈曲载荷的数值解法。首先,应用有限差分法将挠度函数进行离散化处理;然后利用边界条件扩充方程组,最后将临界屈曲载荷的求解转化为广义特征值问题。通过数值算例分别在各向同性板和复合材料层合板上验证了本文方法,并与有限元方法（FEM）进行了比较。结果表明,本文方法具有很高的精度,为复合材料层合板的屈曲分析开辟了新的途径。     

基于极值理论的平尾结冰飞行风险评估

提出了结合极值理论与Copula模型来量化评估平尾结冰条件下飞行风险概率的方法。通过建立人-机-环复杂系统模型,对平尾在进近与着陆过程中的结冰情形进行仿真,采用蒙特卡罗法提取平尾结冰极值参数,验证了所提取极值参数符合一维广义极值（GEV）分布,根据飞行风险的定义和相关安全性准则,建立了平尾结冰飞行风险发生的判定条件,计算得出一维极值飞行风险概率;在此基础上选取Copula模型来描述二维极值参数的相关性,对多种Copula模型的未知参数进行辨识,通过拟合优度检验对精度进行验证,得出Joe Copula模型对二维极值分布的描述最为准确,运用Joe Copula模型计算出二维极值飞行风险概率,有效解决了一维极值具有的局限性。所提方法对飞行安全评估等理论有一定参考价值,能为平尾结冰飞行事故的预防提供分析和检验依据。     

Evaluation method for helicopter maritime search and rescue response plan with uncertainty

Helicopter plays an increasingly significant role in Maritime Search and Rescue (MSAR), and it will perform MSAR mission based on response plans when an accident occurs. Thus the rationality of response plan determines the success of MSAR mission to a large extent. However, with the impact of many uncertainty factors, it is difficult to evaluate response plans comprehensively before performing them. Aiming at these problems, an evaluation framework of helicopter MSAR response plan named UMAD is proposed in this paper, which reveals the influence mechanism of uncertainty factors based on Multi-Agent method and analyzes the mission flow based on Discrete Event System (DEVS) method. Furthermore, the evaluation criterion and indicators of response plan are extracted from the aspects of safety and effectiveness. Meanwhile, the Monte Carlo method is adapted to calculate the probability distribution and robustness of response plan comprehensive result. Finally, in order to illustrate the validity of this method, it is discussed and verified by an application example of evaluating multiple response plans to the same MSAR scenario. The results show that this method can analyze the influence of uncertainty more systematically and optimize response plans more comprehensively.     

加压预处理对软质聚酰亚胺泡沫力学性能的影响

为解决软质聚酰亚胺泡沫初始状态力学性能的不稳定性,采用Solimide~?AC-550聚酰亚胺泡沫分别进行不同加压方式及加压压力的预压处理,并对预压处理的试样进行拉伸和压缩性能测试。结果表明:负压预处理对该泡沫所造成的力学性能损伤比正压更大;且在+4 kPa预处理时,可使得该泡沫获得相对稳定的力学性能,满足工程应用的需求。     

CE/SE法模拟爆震波点火及传播过程

运用时空守恒元和解元(CE/SE)法模拟一维爆震波的形成及传播过程,分析产生爆震波的不同机理和DDT(爆燃-爆震转捩)过程的影响因素.采取激波点火和热点点火两种点火方式,分别对应SDT(激波-爆震转捩)和DDT过程,热点点火初始场采用线性温度分布和阶梯性温度分布,整个管道均为常压.用隐式梯形方法实现刚性源项积分.结果表明,SDT和DDT对应于不同的爆震波机理,并且DDT受点火区不同参数的影响,为研究爆震波点火和DDT过程提供了理论依据.     

运动激波与气泡串相互作用的多介质数值模拟

通过对激波和流体界面相互作用而诱导的大变形界面演化的数值模拟,验证了Level set 方法精确模拟多个流体界面的有效性.采用间断有限元Galerkin方法求解欧拉方程得到流场解,采用5阶WENO格式求解Level set方程追踪多流体界面,界面附近的边界条件由虚拟流体方法处理.对运动激波和两个气泡相互作用过程进行了数值模拟,得到了不同时刻的压力和密度等值线分布,并分析了计算域中两个气泡同是氦气泡,以及一个是氦气泡,一个是R22气泡情况下的计算结果.计算结果表明:利用多界面Level set方程可高质量地捕捉多个流体界面,处理3种多介质流场数值模拟问题.     

Numerical Simulation of Rotor Flow Field Based on Overset Grids and Several Spatial and Temporal Discretization Schemes

A numerical method based on solutions of Euler/Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations is developed for calculating the flow field over a rotor in hover. Jameson central scheme, van Leer flux-vector splitting scheme, advection upwind splitting method (AUSM) scheme, upwind AUSM/van Leer scheme, AUSM+ scheme and AUSMDV scheme are implemented for spatial discretization, and van Albada limiter is also applied. For temporal discretization, both explicit Runge-Kutta method and implicit lower-upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel (LU-SGS) method are attempted. Simultaneously, overset grid technique is adopted. In detail, hole-map method is utilized to identify intergrid boundary points (IGBPs). Furthermore, aimed at identification issue of donor elements, inverse-map method is implemented. Eventually, blade surface pressure distributions derived from numerical simulation are validated compared with experimental data, showing that all the schemes mentioned above have the capability to predict the rotor flow field accurately. At the same time, vorticity contours are illustrated for analysis, and other characteristics are also analyzed.     

参与式案例教学法在《安全管理实务》中的应用

结合教学实践,针对安全管理实务课程内容和特点,提出参与式案例教学方法。该方法给学生提供了一个宽松、平等、积极的环境,有利于提高学生参与教学的积极性,有助于学生在参与过程中灵活运用所学知识、技能,有助于提高学生解决实际问题的能力和综合素质,培养团队合作意识,提高就业竞争力。     

平板上挡板前后涡核位置的测量

在水洞中用氢气泡法在平板上挡板前后的涡核位置进行了测量。本试验旨在确定挡板高度及其雷诺数对涡核装置的影响，结果表明，（ａ）对于单个挡板情况，涡核离开平板的高度和涡核与挡板的距离将随着挡板的高度增加而增加，但涡核的高度和距离与挡板高度的比例随挡板高度的增加而降低；（ｂ）对于两个挡板情况，挡板的高度和挡板之间的距离对涡核位置的影响是主要的。