基于高效数值方法的一种高超声速飞行器外形气动力/热综合优化设计研究

基于所发展的高效气动力/热快速预测方法,建立了适用于高超声速飞行器的综合考虑气动力与气动热特性的外形优化设计技术,并在一种高超声速飞行器外形设计中应用,通过优化设计改变了初始外形纵向静不稳定特性,优化后外形实现了纵向静稳定、大攻角自配平和非驻点表面最大热流下降的设计目标。所发展的方法为适应气动外形快速选型设计需求提供了有效的途径。     

A theoretical model of semi-elliptic surface crack growth

A theoretical model of semi-elliptic surface crack growth based on the low cycle strain damage accumulation near the crack tip along the cracking direction and the Newman–Raju formula is developed. The crack is regarded as a sharp notch with a small curvature radius and the process zone is assumed to be the size of cyclic plastic zone. The modified Hutchinson, Rice and Rosengren(HRR) formulations are used in the presented study. Assuming that the shape of surface crack front is controlled by two critical points: the deepest point and the surface point.The theoretical model is applied to semi-elliptic surface cracked Al 7075-T6 alloy plate under cyclic loading, and five different initial crack shapes are discussed in present study. Good agreement between experimental and theoretical results is obtained.     

Analysis of crack opening stresses for center- and edge-crack tension specimens

Accurate determination of crack opening stress is of central importance to fatigue crack growth analysis and life prediction based on the crack-closure model. This paper studies the crack opening behavior for center- and edge-crack tension specimens. It is found that the crack opening stress is affected by the crack tip element. By taking the crack tip element into account, a modified crack opening stress equation is given for the center-crack tension specimen. Crack surface displace- ment equations for an edge crack in a semi-infinite plate under remote uniform tension and partially distributed pressure are derived by using the weight function method. Based on these displacements, a crack opening stress equation for an edge crack in a semi-infinite plate under uniform tension has been developed. The study shows that the crack opening stress is geometry-dependent, and the weight function method provides an effective and reliable tool to deal with such geometry depen- dence.     

肋角度对气膜冷却特性的影响

在光滑二次流通道的基础上,分析对比了两种带肋通道(135°肋和45°肋)对气膜冷却特性的影响.采用瞬态液晶测试技术获得了气膜孔下游表面传热系数比与气膜冷却效率分布.使用Fluent软件RANS数值方法对相应结构进行了数值模拟,并使用了realizable k-ε湍流模型.光滑二次流通道模型中,气膜孔内流线呈螺旋状分布,导致较大的孔内速度分离与流动损失.冷气射流分成两部分,其中一股形成一对偏斜的对转涡.135°肋结构中,二次流通道上部分的旋转涡为顺时针方向,使得气流易于流入气膜孔,气膜孔内流线呈直线分布.45°肋结构中,二次流通道上部分旋转涡为逆时针方向,增强了气膜孔内旋转涡.45°肋结构中冷气流入气膜孔之后的流动结构与光滑二次流通道结构相似.135°肋结构气膜冷却效率最大而表面传热系数比最低.     

Performance of a small and low-cost chamber to simulate lunar surface environment

The performance of a small and low-cost metal chamber built to simulate the pressure and temperature conditions of lunar surface was assessed and the results are presented. This chamber is intended for studying the physical properties of lunar surface and subsurface (using soil simulants) and also to validate the technology readiness of certain newly developed payloads planned for future lunar surface missions (Lander/Rover). It is possible to reach down to ∼10⁻⁷ Pa under specific conditions and maintain the temperature of the sample under investigation to lunar day and night temperatures. The designed system has been subjected to various tests to evaluate its performance and suitability for carrying out experiments in a simulated lunar environment.     

Evaluating the feasibility of GPS measurements of SSH on board a ship along the Portuguese West Coast

Aiming to validate coastal altimetry data, an exploratory experiment was carried out, using a survey ship with onboard GPS and motion compensation systems. The ship navigation plan followed a track as coincident as possible with the passage of two altimetry satellites, Envisat and Jason-1, along the Portuguese coast, in June 2007.     

纳米硅薄膜的氧化特性

将ｎｃ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ薄膜进行等离子和高温氧化处理，测量了样品的氢，氧含量，Ｒａｍａｎ谱，红外吸收谱，光致发光（ＰＬ），结果表明两种氧化方式都将氧掺入薄膜中，但不同处理方式氧在薄膜中的键合形式不同Ｒａｍａｎ谱表明氧化处理对薄膜中晶粒大小及晶态比没有影响，用晶粒－表面模型对氧化引起的光致发光（ＰＬ）蓝移进行了解释。     

月面高温下推力器可靠性试验

嫦娥五号着陆上升组合体落月后将经历月昼强红外辐射环境，由于推力器喷管导热影响，使推进剂管路与电磁阀面临高温环境，推进系统存在管路内氧化剂汽化和推力器性能下降甚至无法正常工作的问题，影响上升器月面起飞正常姿态控制。为了研究高温下推力器的工作性能，进行了高温下氟塑料阀芯与氧化剂相容性调研，提出了电磁阀和推力器可靠性增长及可靠性验证试验方法，分析了温度与电磁阀阀芯行程的关系，获取了高温环境下推力器的稳态及脉冲工作性能，在小子样条件下评估了推力器可靠性置信下限及月面起飞上升推进系统可靠度，通过月面高温排气及月面起飞上升姿态控制对研究结果进行了航天器在轨飞行验证，圆满完成了上升器月面起飞上升任务。所提出的研究方法及思路具有很好的工程适用性。     

横越两圆柱体的传热特性

用数值方法求解绕过两圆柱的对流传热问题。贝克列数在０－５０的范围内，了四种不同间距时的传热情况。从中发现两圆柱的传热特性相互有影响，这种影响随意距变化很敏感，两圆柱中任一个的平均谢尔特数总是小于单个圆柱的。并给出了简化计算的条件与公式。     

碳氢燃料的热稳定性研究：沉积的导热系数试验测定

用保持壁温为常值条件下的装置测定有燃油流动下沉积的导热系数数据。用专门试验段形成沉积及金属板夹层复合结构来测定没有燃油流动下沉积的导热系数值。与文献上结果比较数据的分散性大大改善。本文所用的方法以及结果都较Tevelde和Glickstein的方法及结果为合理。本文所做的试验数据已为工业界所应用。