铝硅共晶柱状晶凝固

 将强制凝固的理论和试验结果应用到铝硅共晶铸锭柱晶凝固过程,得到了共晶片间距同凝固速度、形核过冷间的关系。柱晶凝固时共晶片间距同平均凝固速度因子V~(-2/3)成正比,还同凝固时形核过冷密切相关,形核过冷增加使共晶片间距减小。文中讨论了影响形核过冷的诸因素和凝固组织均匀性问题。     

Design and Coupled Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Silicon Carbide Primary Mirror Assembly

Based on the principle that the thermal expansion coefficient of the support structure should match that of the mirror, three schemes of primary mirror assembly were designed. Of them, the first is fused silica mirror plus 4J32 flexible support plus ZTC4 support back plate, the second K9 mirror plus 4J45 flexible support plus ZTC4 support back plate, and the third SiC mirror plus SiC rigid support back plate. A coupled thermo-mechanical analysis of the three primary mirror assemblies was made with finite element method. The results show that the SiC assembly is the best of all schemes in terms of their combination properties due to its elimination of the thermal expansion mismatch between the materials. The analytical results on the cryogenic property of the SiC primary mirror assembly show a higher surface finish of the SiC mirror even under the cryogenic condition.     

基于BP神经网络的航班需求预测模型

航班需求预测是航空公司收益管理的关键技术。BP神经网络用大量的历史数据进行学习,能够记忆复杂的历史订座规律和销售趋势,提出了一种基于BP神经网络的航班需求预测模型。通过对历史数据进行主成分分析获得该模型,用一元回归法和相关系数法对训练质量进行评估,对模型作了置信区间分析。将该模型与增量法、回归法进行了对比,具有在线预测速度快、预测精度相对较高等优点。     

轴向间距对转子叶片气动激励的影响

使用自行开发的非定常流动分析程序对尾迹、势干扰和激波共同作用下的某高压涡轮级非定常流动进行数值模拟,研究引起叶片表面非定常压力扰动的气动激励机制.通过叶片通道内的畸变跟踪,结合叶片表面压力扰动时空图,对激励源进行识别和分类;通过对叶片表面非定常压力的频域分析,建立了激励源与上游叶片通过频率的关系;定义压力扰动均方根作为气动激励强度的量化参数,分析叶排不同轴向间距下气动激励的变化规律.结果表明:减小轴向间距并保持涡轮级的落压比和效率基本不变时,气动激励随着轴向间距的减小而增强;压力扰动的高阶分量可能会激励扭转模态为主的振动.      

主燃孔轴向位置对低压点火性能的影响

对回流燃烧室设计了两种主燃孔结构(交错射流和对齐射流),在不同压力条件下对不同主燃孔方案的回流燃烧室的点火性能进行了试验研究.试验结果表明:随着回流燃烧室进口空气压力的降低,点火边界的油气比先减小后升高,而对齐主燃孔的火焰筒方案的低压点火性能优于交错主燃孔.结合火焰筒冷态流场数值模拟和试验中观察到的点火现象进行对比分析,对齐主燃孔方案存在更大范围的回流区,其火焰筒头部参考速度较低.此方案有利于减弱火焰核心的淬熄概率,同时增强头部火焰燃烧的稳定性,从而改善了回流燃烧室的点火性能.      

空客A330反推装置典型故障分析

通过对历年空客A330飞机反推系统故障统计,确定了反推系统的典型故障,并详细介绍了典型故障的排故思路和经验总结．列出了一些重点注意事项。     

主燃级旋流数影响三级旋流燃烧室流动与燃烧特性试验

为了研究主燃级旋流数对三级旋流燃烧室内的流动、燃烧特性,设计了两种不同主燃级旋流数的旋流器,通过粒子图像测速仪(PIV)与火焰自发辐射手段得到了燃烧室的流场和火焰结构。研究结果表明:主燃级旋流数的改变对出口流动以及点熄火极限油气比影响较大,主燃级旋流数增加使回流涡心位置向中心和上游靠近,中心回流区高度增加,出口涡量强度降低,下游中心回流区内侧的回流速度,湍流强度增加,火焰结构对称,成功点火时间减少,主燃级旋流数为0.8的点火极限油气比较主燃级旋流数为0.7在进口流量为200、250、300、350 m3/h各工况对应增加了48%、41%、26%、24%,熄火极限油气比各工况均增加30%以上。燃烧时,火焰呈一定的“V”型张角向外燃烧。点火时,火焰沿着中心回流区边界向内侧发展。      

基于MPS4021的20W LED驱动电源设计

采用原边反馈方案设计出一款20W LED驱动电源,通过变压器初次级隔离省去了副边反馈电路,提高了驱动电源的安全性和可靠性,并节约了BOM成本。所设计的驱动电源实现了在全电压范围内输出电流精度达±5%、功率因数大于0.9、效率大于85%,使用寿命大于3万小时,电磁干扰符合EN55015限制要求,并且具备有过流保护和过压保护功能,对设计大功率LED驱动电源具有一定的参考价值。     

Experiments on film cooling with sonic injection into a supersonic flow

Film cooling experiments with sonic injection were conducted to investigate the effects of the number of the injection holes, the mass flow ratio, and the hole spacing on the film cooling effectiveness. The mainstream was obtained by the hydrogen-oxygen combustion, entering the experimental section at a Mach number of 2.0. The nitrogen with ambient temperature was injected into the experimental section at a sonic speed. The measured mainstream recovery temperature was approximately 910K. The mass flow ratio was regulated by varying the nitrogen injection pressure. The experimental results show that for the investigated cooling surface, the cooling effectiveness increases with the increase in the number of the injection holes with other parameters held constant. For a fixed cooling configuration, the cooling effectiveness increases with the increase in the mass flow ratio. Different from the subsonic film cooling, the optimal mass flow ratio is not observed. When the hole spacing is less than 4, no obvious difference is observed on the cooling effectiveness and lateral uniformity. With the mass flow ratio increasing further, this difference becomes much smaller. The shock wave also has an effect on the cooling effectiveness. Downstream the incident point of the shock wave, the cooling effectiveness is lower than that in the case without the shock wave.     

基于冲突距离的空中高速路换道模型

为解决航空器在空中高速路中的运行安全问题,对空中高速路平行航路换道模型进行了研究。分析了航空器换道的运动学过程,根据航空器之间的冲突距离建立了航空器的平行航路换道模型,总结了影响换道航空器之间的冲突距离的因素。最后,经仿真计算得到航空器匀速飞行时与相邻航空器不发生冲突的理论安全距离。