飞船返回舱俯仰振荡的动态稳定性研究

本文研究了以平衡攻角为中心作单自由度俯仰振荡的飞船返回舱 ,其动态稳定形态随来流M∞ 的变化。设θ(t)是由平衡攻角起算的俯仰振荡角 ,Cm 是作用在飞船返回舱上的气动俯仰力矩系数 ,Cμ(θ, θ)· θ是机械阻尼力矩 (自由飞行时为零 ,实验时要计入其影响 ) ,文中给出飞船返回舱在平衡攻角处的俯仰振荡动态稳定性判据 ,并证明λ =λ(M∞) = Cm θ0+Cμ(0 ,0 ) 1 - Cm ¨θ0 是决定动稳定形态的重要参数。如果随M∞ 的变化 ,λ(M∞)由λ<0经过λ =0变化到λ>0 ,则飞船返回舱将由稳定的点吸引子形态 (即稳定在平衡攻角状态 )演化为周期吸引子形态 (即作周期振荡 )。对应于λ(M∞) =0的马赫数就是飞船返回舱的俯仰运动出现Hopf分叉的临界马赫数Mcr 。本文首先分析了飞船返回舱所受动态气动俯仰力矩的依赖状态变量 ,然后应用非线性动力学理论对飞船返回舱的俯仰运动进行了定性理论分析 ;最后耦合求解俯仰振荡方程和非定常Navier Stokes方程 ,数值模拟了飞船返回舱俯仰振荡随来流马赫数变化的Hopf分叉过程 ,验证了分析结论     

某型钛铝合金航空发动机叶片高温高周振动疲劳实验

以某型钛铝合金航空发动机叶片为研究对象,针对该型叶片高温高周振动疲劳实验时遇到的高温疲劳应力监测、高频激励等问题进行了实验方法研究。采用闭环控制最大应力的方法解决了高温疲劳应力的监测,通过夹具放大设计实现了高频激励,利用辐射加热和电磁振动台完成了温度载荷和振动载荷的综合施加。运用所述的高温高周振动疲劳实验方法,对该型叶片进行了寿命实验。实验的高温疲劳应力控制精度优于±2%,得到该型叶片可靠度为50%的中值疲劳极限是444 MPa,并有效获得了其寿命曲线。该实验方法适合航空发动机叶片高温高周振动疲劳实验,并可为其他航空发动机零部件高温高周疲劳实验提供参考。     

An efficient aerodynamic shape optimization of blended wing body UAV using multi-fidelity models

This paper presents a novel optimization technique for an efficient multi-fidelity model building approach to reduce computational costs for handling aerodynamic shape optimization based on high-fidelity simulation models. The wing aerodynamic shape optimization problem is solved by dividing optimization into three steps—modeling 3D(high-fidelity) and 2D(lowfidelity) models, building global meta-models from prominent instead of all variables, and determining robust optimizing shape associated with tuning local meta-models. The adaptive robust design optimization aims to modify the shape optimization process. The sufficient infilling strategy—known as adaptive uniform infilling strategy—determines search space dimensions based on the last optimization results or initial point. Following this, 3D model simulations are used to tune local meta-models. Finally, the global optimization gradient-based method—Adaptive Filter Sequential Quadratic Programing(AFSQP) is utilized to search the neighborhood for a probable optimum point. The effectiveness of the proposed method is investigated by applying it, along with conventional optimization approach-based meta-models, to a Blended Wing Body(BWB) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV). The drag coefficient is defined as the objective function, which is subjected to minimum lift coefficient bounds and stability constraints. The simulation results indicate improvement in meta-model accuracy and reduction in computational time of the method introduced in this paper.     

全局灵敏度分析的支持向量机方法

结构全局灵敏度分析中存在隐式极限状态函数和高计算量困难问题,提出支持向量机和蒙特卡洛方法相结合的一种新的全局可靠性灵敏度分析方法。该方法采用支持向量机拟合输入变量与输出响应之间的关系,同时采用均匀映射得到更多数量的失效样本以获得高精度的代理模型,故仅需少量样本即可将隐式极限状态函数显式表达,与直接蒙特卡罗方法相比,可显著提高计算效率。数值算例和工程算例表明所提方法具有一定的工程应用价值。     

非线性二元机翼气动弹性近似解析研究

 建立了不可压流动中多项式迟滞非线性二元机翼的气动弹性运动方程,然后利用谐波平衡法进行了求解。与数值积分结果比较分析表明,在系统发生二次分叉以前,谐波平衡法可以准确地预测极限环振荡的频率和振幅,通过频谱分析与时间响应历程讨论了谐波平衡法产生误差的原因。另外还研究了弹性轴位置对颤振特性的影响,随着弹性轴不断靠近翼弦中点,俯仰振幅不断增大,而沉浮振幅则存在一个极小值点。     

钢筋砼轴对称扁壳基于双剪屈服准则的极限分析的塑性屈服线方法

文章利用基于双剪屈服线准则所导出的钢筋砼壳体的屈服条件，并利用塑性屈服线方法求解钢筋砼轴对称双曲扁壳在竖向荷载下的极限载荷。     

建筑产品价格问题商榷

建筑产品价格如何确定，是造价管理体制改革中的热点问题，笔者对目前存在的三种意见进行分析后提出，应按照国际惯例，由建筑安装企业自行编制建筑安装产品的价格，参与市场竞争。     

二项分布参数整体推断方法

针对工程中常见的二态数据,提出了二项分布参数整体推断方法,该方法可以很好地确定二项分布参数与状态变量之间的数学关系式,给出了整体推断的点估计和置信限、置信区间估计公式。它能够将不同状态下的二态数据作为一个整体来进行统计推断,全面开发利用了不同状态下二态数据之间相互提供的横向信息,从而使其可利用的信息量远远大于只能分别在各自状态下对二态数据进行统计分析的传统方法。所以,在精度相同的情况下,可以节省大量试样;而在试样数一定的条件下,又能提高预测精度。最后给出了应用实例。     

Hybrid method based on flame volume concept for lean blowout limits prediction of aero engine combustors

The Lean Blowout (LBO) limit is crucial for the aircraft engines. The semi-empirical (such as Lefebvre’s LBO model and Flame Volume (FV) model), numerical and hybrid methods are widely utilized for the LBO limit quick prediction. An innovative hybrid method based on the FV concept is proposed. This method can be classified as a semi-empirical/physical based hybrid prediction method. In this hybrid method, it is assumed that the flame volume varies nearly linearly with the fuel/air ratio near the LBO. The flame volume is obtained directly by the numerical simulation using the threshold value of the visible flame boundary as 900 K. Then the final LBO limits is determined by the FV model. On the premise of keeping the good generality of prediction, the hybrid method based on the FV concept can further improve the prediction accuracy. The comparison with the prediction of the existing available methods on fifteen combustors shows that the hybrid method based on the FV concept achieves better prediction accuracy. The prediction uncertainties between the experimental results and the predicted values by the hybrid method based on the FV concept are within about ±10%.     

旋转调制光纤陀螺惯导寻北精度探索

高精度寻北是旋转调制光纤陀螺惯导实现高精度导航的前提,也是其技术优势的体现。针对当前旋转调制光纤陀螺惯导在快速高精度寻北中遇到的问题,对其寻北精度极限进行了深入研究,梳理出4项最主要的影响因素,对其影响机理、误差模型、量级进行了深入的分析,并通过样机试验进行了验证。结果表明,尽管随机游走系数是制约寻北精度极限的最终因素,但陀螺刻度系数误差、扰动速度、航向效应等误差处理不好,将严重影响旋转调制寻北精度;通过采取措施,高精度光纤陀螺旋转调制惯导5min寻北精度已达到35″(3σ),进一步提高精度的措施正在研究中。