一种基于虚拟参考站的低轨双星时差频差精密修正方法

为了解决低轨双 星时差（Time difference of arrival, TDOA）、频差(Frequency difference of arrival,FDOA)定位精度低这一问题,提出了一种应用虚拟参考站（Virtual reference station,VRS)技术来实现对低轨双星TDOA/FDOA进行精密修正的方法。该方法利用合作辐射源在未知辐射 源附近建立一个物理上并不存在的虚拟参考站,然后再利用此虚拟参考站修正未知辐射源 的时频误差。通过仿真分析,VRS处虚拟时差构建误差比虚拟频差构建误差要小,并且VRS对 未知辐射源TDOA/FDOA系统误差的修正精度分别可以达到97%和95%。利用修正后 的时频差 对未知辐射源定位,其定位精度相对于未修正前有极大的提高。     

GNSS实时动态授时精度分析

基于GNSS载波相位观测值的实时动态授时,可有效规避PPP授时对实时精密轨道和钟差产品的依赖问题,对短距离动、静态高精度时间用户具有重要意义。为了更好地验证GNSS实时动态授时性能,基于中国科学院国家授时中心时间频率资源和三个GNSS跟踪站长达2个月的观测数据,以GPS系统为例开展了授时试验。与事后PPP时间传递相比,实时动态授时结果差异STD优于0.15ns;与光纤双向时间传递结果相比,实时动态授时结果差异STD优于0.5ns。试验表明,GNSS实时动态授时精度能够达到亚纳秒量级,可为下一步推广应用提供重要参考。     

双线程滑动窗口多系统GNSS超快精密定轨实现及评估

全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）超快精密定轨为GNSS实时应用提供了高精度空间基准。基于天地协同定位、导航与授时（PNT）网络服务中心实现了四系统GNSS卫星超快精密定轨,并对定轨结果进行精度评价。介绍了天地协同PNT网络的概念内涵以及网络服务中心部署的超快精密定轨软件架构和详细功能,并针对实时应用需求提出了一种双线程滑动窗口超快精密定轨策略。最后利用重叠弧段比较、与外部轨道产品比较以及卫星激光测距（SLR）检核3种方式对定轨结果进行了精度评价。结果表明,与武汉大学分析中心的最终事后精密轨道产品相比,四系统GNSS MEO卫星预报6 h弧段的径向均方根（RMS）误差整体在2~5 cm水平,BDS2 IGSO卫星最小一维RMS误差在10~15 cm水平;GPS和Galileo卫星的SLR检核残差均值在1~3 cm水平,标准差在3~6 cm水平,能够满足后续厘米级实时应用对空间基准的精度需求。     

环火星测量数据处理及精密轨道确定

为支持我国首次火星探测任务取得圆满成功,宇航动力学国家重点实验室将全自主开发的精密定轨平台系统,应用于环火星轨道确定中。为满足多对象、多弧段、多中心天体的定轨需求,平台系统设计了卫星结构、测站结构、观测结构和天体结构4大基础结构,并在4大基础结构之上,设计了灵活的弧段结构和估计结构。为验证平台系统是否具备环火星定轨能力,平台系统首先使用2020年上半年跟踪火星快车实验的数据对测量模型进行了检核,得到了理论测距和实测测距偏差（11m~21m）;其次,使用2009年实测双程测速和三程测速数据定轨,单独使用双程测速定轨,轨道与欧空局精密星历位置偏差最大不超过100m,测速残差的均方根（Root Mean Square, RMS）为0.0137(cm/s)。使用三程测速定轨,位置偏差不超过250m,三程测速RMS为0.0119（cm/s）;最后,使用两天三站测距仿真进行了自定轨验证,初轨和随机差都基本收敛回仿真初值。结果显示,宇航动力学国家重点实验室精密定轨系统能够满足我国首次火星探测任务的基本需求。     

Precise Decoupling Tracking of Airspeed and Altitude for UAV Based on Causal Solution of Stable Inversion

Use stable inversion to accomplish precise decoupling tracking of airspeed and altitude for conventional takeoff and landing of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is in essence a non-minimum phase output tracking problem. The main contribution of this article is that a new method to calculate the causal solution of stable inversion is proposed by introducing a well defined perturbed signal to the system's unstable internal dynamics. It is helpful to overcome the pitfalls resulting from non-causality in existing methods. Different from the mathematically accurate offline non-causal solution, the causal solution is an approximation with asymptotically convergent errors. The important merits are: It obviates the needs for the output trajectory to be pre-known time parameterized functions, hence broadening the application of stable inversion; The low computational workload is much more suitable for and beneficial to real-time applications than any existing method based on stable inversion. The output tracking problem is then converted into a state tracking problem based on the causal solution of stable inversion. Precise decoupling tracking of airspeed and altitude is realized by using a feedback controller. Simulations are carried out to verify the viability and low computational workload of the method.     

前后向迭代滤波算法在高精度姿态测量中的应用

为了满足航空物探对于高精度姿态基准的需求,对前后向迭代滤波算法进行了研究.在前向捷联惯导算法的基础上,推导了后向捷联惯导算法,基于SINS/GPS组合导航方案构建了15状态Kalman滤波器,提出了前后向迭代滤波算法,通过仿真实验和转台实验对比了前后向迭代滤波算法与R -T -S平滑的估计效果.实验结果表明:经过前后向...     

基于固定模糊度PPP的低轨卫星实时精密定轨

传统动力学定轨法受制于动力学模型精度,传统几何定轨法精度受限,只能达到亚米级,而基于精密单点定位（PPP）模式的几何定轨法一般采用浮点解,定轨精度及可靠性较基于双差模式的相对定位较差。为提高PPP模式低轨定轨的定位性能,利用中国区域内外的IGS测站计算出当前所有卫星的宽巷和窄巷相位小数偏差产品,对经过中国大陆区域上空的国产低轨卫星海洋二号（HY-2）和资源三号 (ZY-3) 卫星进行固定模糊度PPP的定轨解算,与事后精密轨道结果进行比较,分析其外符合精度。结果表明：仅利用约10min弧段的HY-2和ZY-3卫星数据,切向与径向的定轨精度可达2cm左右,法向为5cm左右,较浮点解定轨精度大幅提升。基于固定模糊度PPP的定轨方法能够满足厘米级的实时精密定轨。     

低速通用飞机机翼低成本精细化设计

针对低速通用飞机升阻特性的低成本精细化设计,通过合理地简化模型,建立了一种将翼型升阻比曲线斜率作为附加设计约束的机翼工程优化设计方法。基于该优化设计方法,利用低成本快速设计分析工具开展了优化设计,并对设计方法及结果进行了风洞试验验证。试验结果表明,所提方法能够有效提高机翼最大升阻比,同时使最大升阻比对应的升力系数逼近巡航工况,进一步挖掘了低速通用飞机的经济性潜力。     

Contribution analysis of QZSS to single-frequency PPP of GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo

The Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) established by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency mainly serves the Asia-Pacific region and its surrounding areas. Currently, four in-orbit satellites provide services. Most users of GNSS in the mass market use single-frequency (SF) receivers owing to the low cost. Therefore, it is meaningful to analyze and evaluate the contribution of the QZSS to SF precise point positioning (PPP) of GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo systems with the emergence of GNSS and QZSS. This study compares the performances of three SF PPP models, namely the GRoup and PHase Ionospheric Correction (GRAPHIC) model, GRAPHIC with code observation model, and an ionosphere-constrained model, and evaluated the contribution of the QZSS to the SF PPP of GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo systems. Moreover, the influence of code bias on the SF PPP of the BDS system is also analyzed. A two-week dataset (DOY 013–026, 2019) from 10 stations of the MGEX network is selected for validation, and the results show that: (1) For cut-off elevation angles of 15, 20, and 25°, the convergence times for the static SF PPP of GLONASS + QZSS are reduced by 4.3, 30.8, and 12.7%, respectively, and the positioning accuracy is similar compared with that of the GLONASS system. Compared with the BDS single system, the convergence times for the static SF PPP of BDS + QZSS under 15 and 25° are reduced by 37.6 and 39.2%, the horizontal positioning accuracies are improved by 18.6 and 14.1%, and the vertical components are improved by 13.9 and 21.4%, respectively. At cut-off elevation angles of 15, 20, and 25°, the positioning accuracy and precision of GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo + QZSS is similar to that of GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo. And the convergence times are reduced by 7.4 and 4.3% at cut-off elevation angles of 20 and 25°, respectively. In imitating dynamic PPP, the QZSS significantly improves the positioning accuracy of BDS and GLONASS. However, QZSS has little effect on the GPS-only, Galileo-only and GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo. (2) The code bias of BDS IGSO and MEO cannot be ignored in SF PPP. In static SF PPP, taking the frequency band of B1I whose multipath combination is the largest among the frequency bands as an example, the vertical component has a systematic bias of approximately 0.4–1.0 m. After correcting the code bias, the positioning error in the vertical component is lower than 0.2 m, and the positioning accuracy in the horizontal component are improved accordingly. (3) The SF PPP model with ionosphere constraints has a better convergence speed, while the positioning accuracy of the three models is nearly equal. Therefore the GRAPHIC model can be used to get good positioning accuracy in the absence of external ionosphere products, but its convergence speed is slower.     

双轴精密离心机反转台精密姿态调节机构的设计与分析

双轴精密离心机是惯性导航设备进行精密标定的重要设备,它能够为惯性导航设备提供“0”加速度梯度的离心场。针对双轴精密离心机转台的精密姿态调节机构进行了设计与分析,利用两套同直径的配合球面作为球运动副,并作为主要承受离心场方向和重力场方向作用力的受力部件。利用带有万向节的精密螺杆作为角度姿态精密调节的机构,实现反转台铅垂度姿态的精密调节。经过精度分析,采用细牙螺纹螺杆,可实现反转台所需的铅垂度精度,即±10′。经过受力分析,精密螺杆受力状况良好,最大变形为0.47μm,最大应力为1.1561MPa,球运动副最大变形为6.24μm,最大应力为50.73MPa。因此,所设计的姿态调节机构满足其在双轴精密离心机中的应用。