基于全球网和区域网SLR数据的低轨卫星定轨精度分析

卫星激光测距(SLR)是目前低轨卫星常用的定轨手段之一.文章以贾森-1(Jason-1)和环境卫星(EN VISAT)实测数据为例,讨论了不同弧段长度(1天、3天和7天)的全球网SLR数据对低轨卫星定轨精度的影响,分析了基于美国网、欧洲网和亚洲网等区域网SLR数据的低轨卫星精密定轨精度.检验定轨精度的参考轨道来自美...     

GNSS global real-time augmentation positioning: Real-time precise satellite clock estimation,prototype system construction and performance analysis

Lots of ambiguities in un-differenced (UD) model lead to lower calculation efficiency, which isn’t appropriate for the high-frequency real-time GNSS clock estimation, like 1 Hz. Mixed differenced model fusing UD pseudo-range and epoch-differenced (ED) phase observations has been introduced into real-time clock estimation. In this contribution, we extend the mixed differenced model for realizing multi-GNSS real-time clock high-frequency updating and a rigorous comparison and analysis on same conditions are performed to achieve the best real-time clock estimation performance taking the efficiency, accuracy, consistency and reliability into consideration. Based on the multi-GNSS real-time data streams provided by multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) and Wuhan University, GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning prototype system is designed and constructed, including real-time precise orbit determination, real-time precise clock estimation, real-time Precise Point Positioning (RT-PPP) and real-time Standard Point Positioning (RT-SPP). The statistical analysis of the 6 h-predicted real-time orbits shows that the root mean square (RMS) in radial direction is about 1–5 cm for GPS, Beidou MEO and Galileo satellites and about 10 cm for Beidou GEO and IGSO satellites. Using the mixed differenced estimation model, the prototype system can realize high-efficient real-time satellite absolute clock estimation with no constant clock-bias and can be used for high-frequency augmentation message updating (such as 1 Hz). The real-time augmentation message signal-in-space ranging error (SISRE), a comprehensive accuracy of orbit and clock and effecting the users’ actual positioning performance, is introduced to evaluate and analyze the performance of GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning system. The statistical analysis of real-time augmentation message SISRE is about 4–7 cm for GPS, whlile 10 cm for Beidou IGSO/MEO, Galileo and about 30 cm for BeiDou GEO satellites. The real-time positioning results prove that the GPS + BeiDou + Galileo RT-PPP comparing to GPS-only can effectively accelerate convergence time by about 60%, improve the positioning accuracy by about 30% and obtain averaged RMS 4 cm in horizontal and 6 cm in vertical; additionally RT-SPP accuracy in the prototype system can realize positioning accuracy with about averaged RMS 1 m in horizontal and 1.5–2 m in vertical, which are improved by 60% and 70% to SPP based on broadcast ephemeris, respectively.     

全球精密单点定位性能评估

随着中国北斗三号卫星导航系统（BDS-3）全面建成与开通，北斗卫星导航系统已步入了新发展阶段，基于BDS-3实现全方位、多层次、高精度应用已成为地学研究中一项基本任务。利用全球最新均匀分布的10个MGEX跟踪站，分别从24 h内接收到的卫星数、卫星位置精度因子（PDOP）、卫星数据解算完整率和双频非组合精密单点定位（PPP）静态/动态定位精度等方面系统深入地评估了BDS-3在全球范围内的可用性。结果表明，测站对卫星跟踪能力与配备的接收机类型和区域位置有强相关性，单BDS-3卫星在全球范围内具有较强的连续定位能力，当使用SEPT POLARX5和JAVAD TRE_3接收机的情况下，数据解算完整率可达100%。此外，水平方向和高程方向定位精度分别优于2 cm和3 cm，并且在联合使用BDS-2和BDS-3定位的条件下，可使得静态定位精度在东、北和高程方向进一步提升37.6%,25.3%和38.9%。     

陆海激光卫星高程测量的思考

为满足新形势下陆海激光卫星高程测量的需求,分析了高精度高程控制点数据获取、森林生物量估算、浅海及海岛礁地形测绘、"三极"区域高程变化监测等方面的需求,提出了发展多波束激光卫星测高的初步设想,并就高精度激光指向测量技术、距离门宽度动态适应调整技术等关键技术问题进行了探讨。     

适用于高精度惯性平台系统的精密加矩电路设计与实现

精密加矩电路通过给陀螺力矩器施加电流,驱动惯性平台系统相对惯性空间进行转动,其精度精度直接关系到惯性平台系统自标定与自对准精度能否实现。本文针对高精度惯性平台系统的需求,采用大电流粗加矩和小电流精加矩两种加矩电路的方式,兼顾了平台系统快速转位以及精确电流控制的要求。采用数字控制的二元调宽电路实现电流的精确控制。试验结果表明,精密加矩电路可以满足高精度平台系统自标定和自瞄准的要求。     

加强实验室大型精密仪器的管理及技术开发

随着我国高等教育事业的迅速发展,全国各高校都不同程度地扩大招生规模,高校斥巨资购入各种大型精密仪器已司空见惯。然而如何对这些精密仪器进行科学管理、正确使用和维护,如何做好精密仪器的后继开发利用,成为各高校发展中的重要问题。     

Phase Residual Estimations for PCVs of Spaceborne GPS Receiver Antenna and Their Impacts on Precise Orbit Determination of GRACE Satellites

In-flight phase center systematic errors of global positioning system(GPS) receiver antenna are the main restriction for improving the precision of precise orbit determination using dual-frequency GPS.Residual approach is one of the valid methods for in-flight calibration of GPS receiver antenna phase center variations(PCVs) from ground calibration.In this paper,followed by the correction model of spaceborne GPS receiver antenna phase center,ionosphere-free PCVs can be directly estimated by ionosphere-free carrier phase post-fit residuals of reduced dynamic orbit determination.By the data processing of gravity recovery and climate experiment(GRACE) satellites,the following conclusions are drawn.Firstly,the distributions of ionosphere-free carrier phase post-fit residuals from different periods have the similar systematic characteristics.Secondly,simulations show that the influence of phase residual estimations for ionosphere-free PCVs on orbit determination can reach the centimeter level.Finally,it is shown by in-flight data processing that phase residual estimations of current period could not only be used for the calibration for GPS receiver antenna phase center of foretime and current period,but also be used for the forecast of ionosphere-free PCVs in future period,and the accuracy of orbit determination can be well improved.     

一种带锥的内绝热层成型工艺改进

某固体火箭发动机燃烧室为锥筒室，内绝热层很薄，包括复合绝热层和橡胶绝热层两层，由于燃烧室几何形状特殊，无法采用现有的内绝热层成型工艺技术，在分析基础上，得出了该内绝热层压制精密控制方法，利用定位和壳体保护装置，将配制的未硫化粘稠态橡胶通过压涂覆在壳体内壁，精确控制内绝热层的厚度和均匀性，该发动机热试车成功表明，这种内绝热层成工艺技术是有效可行的。     

双曲率开槽板精密成型有限元数值模拟

通过有限元数值模拟方法对双曲率开槽板的贴模性问题进行了系统研究.建立了开槽板在离散钉模上贴模性分析的有限元模型,研究了槽深、槽宽等开槽参数对面板型面精度的影响规律,其中相对槽深是影响开槽板贴模性的主要因素.通过分析计算确定了优化的开槽参数,为开槽方案的制定提供了可用的数据和重要依据.数值模拟和实验验证表明,工作板开槽可以解决紧缩场双曲率连续表面面板的胶接成型问题.      

基于经验学习的空间机器人精细抓捕方法

机器人在空间环境下完成对复杂形状物体的精细操作,要求其具有较强的自主操作规划能力.从学习人类经验出发,模仿人类经验生成来建立经验数据库,提出有效的物体分类方法,在物体类别基础上,识别同类物体的可抓取区域,并提出“单拇指”姿态规划方法,将对物体的操作经验泛化到同类物体的操作规划中.试验证明了算法的有效性.