State of art on energy management strategy for hybrid-powered unmanned aerial vehicle

New energy sources such as solar energy and hydrogen energy have been applied to the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV), which could be formed as the hybrid power sources due to the requirement of miniaturization, lightweight, and environmental protection issue for UAV. Hybrid electrical propulsion technology has been used in UAV and it further enforces this trend for the evolution to the Hybrid-Powered System(HPS). In order to realize long endurance flight mission and improve the energy efficiency of UAV, many researching works are focused on the Energy Management Strategy(EMS) of the HPS with digital simulation, ground demonstration platforms and a few flight tests for the UAV in recent years. energy management strategy, in which off-line or on-line control algorithms acted as the core part, could optimize dynamic electrical power distribution further and directly affect the efficiency and fuel economy of hybrid-powered system onboard.In order to give the guideline for this emerging technology for UAV, this paper presents a review of the topic highlighting energy optimal management strategies of UAV. The characteristics of typical new energy sources applied in UAV are summarized firstly, and then the classification and analysis of the architecture for hybrid power systems in UAV are presented. In the context of new energy sources and configuration of energy system, a comprehensive comparison and analysis for the state of art of EMS are presented, and the various levels of complexity and accuracy of EMS are considered in terms of real time, computational burden and optimization performance based on the optimal control and operational modes of UAV. Finally, the tendency and challenges of energy management strategy applied to the UAV have been forecasted.     

Aircraft engine fault detection based on grouped convolutional denoising autoencoders

Many existing aircraft engine fault detection methods are highly dependent on performance deviation data that are provided by the original equipment manufacturer. To improve the independent engine fault detection ability, Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) data can be used. However, owing to the characteristics of high dimension, complex correlations between parameters, and large noise content, it is difficult for existing methods to detect faults effectively by using ACARS data. To solve this problem, a novel engine fault detection method based on original ACARS data is proposed. First, inspired by computer vision methods, all variables were divided into separated groups according to their correlations. Then, an improved convolutional denoising autoencoder was used to extract the features of each group. Finally, all of the extracted features were fused to form feature vectors. Thereby, fault samples could be identified based on these feature vectors. Experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method and other competing methods by considering real ACARS data as the data source. The results reveal the good performance of our method with regard to comprehensive fault detection and robustness. Additionally, the computational and time costs of our method are shown to be relatively low.     

基于SVM方法的APU故障预测方法

针对辅助动力装置(Auxiliary power unit,APU)故障预测时,仅基于快速存取记录器(Quick access recorder,QAR)数据存在实时性欠缺或精度不足的问题,提出了基于实时报文数据的APU故障预测方法。首先,对报文所采集的数据进行预处理,将每次航班的报文数据规整为一条数据集;其次,从参数阈值、维修记录及APU序列号变化情况等角度对数据集进行标注工作;随后,针对特征选择算法具有较差解释性的缺点,提出通过相关性分析选取能够表征APU运行性能的参数;最后,建立基于支持向量机(Support vector machine,SVM)的多参数故障预测模型并优化。经验证,该模型提高了预测正确率,为APU视情维修策略的制定提供参考。     

基于高功率因数控制的永磁同步电机无电解电容驱动系统控制策略

永磁同步电机无电解电容驱动系统因其成本与寿命的优势,在白色家电领域逐步得到广泛的应用。然而,由于使用小容量的薄膜电容取代大容量的电解电容,母线电压会以两倍工频波动,在母线电压处于波谷时,逆变器输出电压容易饱和,导致控制性能恶化,网侧电流畸变。因此,提出了一种基于高功率因数控制的转矩控制环和电压矢量修正策略,能够有效提升网侧功率因数,抑制网侧电流谐波并符合IEC 6100032标准。该算法的有效性通过仿真得以验证。     

Z源NPC三电平变换器恒功率并网控制策略研究

Z源中点钳位式(NPC)三电平变换器把逆变和升压两种环节结合在一起,结构简单、工作效率高,但是针对这种结构输出的无功功率研究较少。提出了一种Z源NPC三电平变换器的恒功率并网控制策略。首先对这种变换器的结构及原理进行分析;再把恒功率控制引入到这种变换器的并网控制中,并采用空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)实现了变换器的并网控制。MATLAB/Simulink软件仿真结果证明了这种变换器能够提高电压升压比。该控制策略可使变换器输出的有功功率、无功功率稳定于设定值,且并网电流谐波较低。     

节能高效数字化兆瓦级风电变流器试验系统

针对现有风电变流器试验系统能量损耗高、试验效率低的问题,提出了一种基于环形功率回馈的试验方法。重点阐述了试验系统的基本原理与结构,并搭建了变流器试验软硬件平台,实现了对变流器各特性参数的自动测试要求。对兆瓦级风电变流器进行了相应的试验,试验结果表明:该系统试验效率优,而且系统操作方便,安全可靠,可实现变流器试验系统的高效节能与数字化。     

基于功率保持的辅助动力装置引气性能计算模型

以带负载压气机辅助动力装置(APU)为对象,分析了其结构特点与工作原理,针对目前工程上常用的APU引气性能计算模型的不足,建立了基于APU与空气涡轮匹配的总体性能数学模型和负载压气机变几何部件特性插值模型。在此基础上,研究了APU功率调节规律,获得了轴功率负载、APU涡轮前温度、排气温度与负载压气机进口导叶角度之间的匹配关系,进而实现了APU全包线内和全工况下的引气性能计算。利用GTCP131-9A试验数据对模型进行了验证,结果表明:引气流量计算误差小于3%,引气压力计算误差小于4%;功率保持下的APU涡轮前温度限制值仅与轴功率负载大小有关,与进气温度无关。研究结论对于带负载压气机APU总体性能计算和调节规律设计提供了参考。      

BOOST变换器恒功率负载时动态性能分析

以恒功率负载时双闭环控制的BOOST变换器为例,基于相平面法,分析了变换器开环运行模式下的稳定性问题;基于平均大信号模型,分析了变换器过载运行模式下的动态响应过程。分析表明,恒功率负载时,变换器开环运行可能’自激振荡,并给出判别是否产生自激振荡的方法,说明小滤波电感和大滤波电容有利于避免自激振荡,从而为变换器主电路参数的优化设计提供依据。过载运行时,变换器最终进入开环运行模式,稳定性能与开环运行模式下相同。实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

一种基于量热法原理的微波中功率校准装置设计

为了解决航天遥感遥测中微波中功率参数的测试和溯源需求,设计了微波中功率校准装置,并进行了微波中功率校准装置设计测试验证。通过对测试结果的分析,表明该校准装置满足设计要求。     

基于策略的遥感卫星管控方法研究

针对遥感卫星管理控制中业务应用与底层调度紧耦合导致的操作复杂、人工干预多等问题,提出一种基于策略的遥感卫星管控方法。在搭建策略管控模型的基础上,采用分层控制闭环结构,构建卫星控制闭环;提出卫星集群分域管理方法,并设置策略部署机制;详细论述了基于策略的遥感卫星管控实现方法;以海上失联舰船搜救任务为典型案例进行仿真,验证该方法可以完成异构卫星集群基于事件驱动的闭环控制。基于策略的管理方法能够有效降低遥感卫星管控业务的复杂度,实现遥感卫星集群的自动控制。