LEO原子氧剥蚀太阳电池阵Ag互连材料的试验研究

暴露在低地球轨道(LEO)上的太阳电池阵,会与大量具有极强氧化性的原子氧发生碰撞,导致太阳电池阵中对氧原子敏感的Ag互连材料受到剥蚀。文章依据原子氧剥蚀Ag材料的机理,选取了约400 km高度轨道上1年时间内原子氧的累积通量作为最高剂量,进行了原子氧剥蚀不同厚度Ag互连材料的地面模拟环境试验。试验表明:Ag在原子氧作用下在宏观上会经历"氧化—剥落"的循环剥蚀过程。根据反应方程简化推导了Ag互连片的剥蚀厚度公式,同时结合试验结果计算出了不同厚度Ag互连材料的厚度损失率。该研究成果可为LEO太阳电池阵原子氧防护设计提供技术支持。     

射线计算机成像技术在发动机变壁厚产品检测中的试验研究

针对液体火箭发动机离心轮、涡轮静子等厚度变化大的复杂激光选区熔化成形（SLM）钢构件在常规X射线胶片照相检测（RT）时,由于胶片的宽容度低造成的检测覆盖率低,存在漏检质量隐患的问题,采用射线计算机成像技术（CR）对该类变截面厚度差在5～20 mm内的钢构件进行检测。结果表明,CR检测图像宽容度是胶片照相检测的3倍,检测覆盖率高;以离心轮线状缺陷CR检测为例,且通过CT和理化检测验证证明,CR检测具有与胶片照相检测基本一致的缺陷检测灵敏度、可靠性。     

自适应机翼翼型变形的研究现状及关键技术

自适应机翼具有巨大的应用潜力,是未来飞机设计的必然趋势,已经得到了广泛的关注。分别从自适应变弯度前缘、自适应变弯度后缘以及变厚度机翼三个方面阐述了其变形原理,并对使用的蒙皮、驱动方式、研究方法等进行了归纳总结,指出了未来的发展趋势,提出了自适应机翼亟需解决的关键技术,包括兼具大变形和高承载功能的柔性蒙皮的设计、自适应驱动系统设计、协同控制系统的设计、分布式传感器网络,可为自适应机翼结构的设计与实现途径提供一定的技术参考。     

Framework and development of data-driven physics based model with application in dimensional accuracy prediction in pocket milling

In the manufacturing of thin wall components for aerospace industry, apart from the side wall contour error, the Remaining Bottom Thickness Error (RBTE) for the thin-wall pocket component (e.g. rocket shell) is of the same importance but overlooked in current research. If the RBTE reduces by 30%, the weight reduction of the entire component will reach up to tens of kilograms while improving the dynamic balance performance of the large component. Current RBTE control requires the off-process measurement of limited discrete points on the component bottom to provide the reference value for compensation. This leads to incompleteness in the remaining bottom thickness control and redundant measurement in manufacturing. In this paper, the framework of data-driven physics based model is proposed and developed for the real-time prediction of critical quality for large components, which enables accurate prediction and compensation of RBTE value for the thin wall components. The physics based model considers the primary root cause, in terms of tool deflection and clamping stiffness induced Axial Material Removal Thickness (AMRT) variation, for the RBTE formation. And to incorporate the dynamic and inherent coupling of the complicated manufacturing system, the multi-feature fusion and machine learning algorithm, i.e. kernel Principal Component Analysis (kPCA) and kernel Support Vector Regression (kSVR), are incorporated with the physics based model. Therefore, the proposed data-driven physics based model combines both process mechanism and the system disturbance to achieve better prediction accuracy. The final verification experiment is implemented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method for dimensional accuracy prediction in pocket milling, and the prediction accuracy of AMRT achieves 0.014 mm and 0.019 mm for straight and corner milling, respectively.     

Impact of bending dies with different friction forms on forming force and quality of tubes manufactured by free bending technology

In the 3D free bending forming system, the bending die can be designed either in a sliding type or rolling friction type. Bending die-based sliding friction type is often called normal bending dies; however, the bending dies-based rolling friction type includes bending die-based roller type and ball type in structure. In the current study, the impact of three bending dies on the forming force, and the bent tube quality was investigated. The obtained results showed that the tangential stresses and strains of the tubes formed by the bending die-based roller type were the smallest among the three bending dies. Besides, the spherical bearing force P_U was reduced drastically after using the roller type and ball type compared to the sliding friction type. Moreover, the uniformity of the wall thickness distribution of the tubes formed by the roller type and ball type was better than those obtained from the sliding friction type. In addition, the cross-section distortion rate was reduced by 2.8% using the roller type, and 1.8% using ball-type compared to the sliding friction type.     

纳米铝粉及纳米铝粉/煤油凝胶体系能量性能研究

测定了各单组分及纳米铝粉／煤油凝胶体系的燃烧热,表征了纳米铝粉及纳米铝粉／煤油凝胶体系的能量性能。实验结果表明,随着纳米铝粉含量的增加,纳米铝粉／煤油凝胶体系的质量恒容燃烧热呈降低趋势,这是由于煤油的燃烧热值较高,铝粉的燃烧热值较低所致;而各纳米铝粉／煤油凝胶体系的密度随纳米铝粉含量的增加呈升高趋势,体系的体积燃烧热也随纳米铝粉含量增加而升高。     

基于应力循环特征的裂纹萌生寿命预测方法

以两种镍基高温合金的应力循环特征为基础,即粉末高温合金FGH95的循环硬化继而软化及变形高温合金GH4169的循环软化特性,寻求载荷历程相关的损伤参量,进而建立应力弱化损伤模型,以考虑载荷历程对疲劳寿命的影响.建立的应力弱化损伤模型可以较好地预测不同循环载荷条件下的疲劳寿命,其预测精度不低于传统方法,且优势在于使建立模型所需要的试样数量大大减少.      

CVI沉积炭纤维束的组织结构

采用CVI工艺在常压下对单束炭纤维进行热解沉积,天然气为前驱体,N2为载气,沉积温度为1 020～1 100℃,沿纤维束轴向分布。对不同位置炭纤维束外和束内热解炭组织结构分别进行PLM表征。研究发现,束外热解炭在距离热电偶(0位置)上方40～80 mm处沉积厚度达到最大,在0～80 mm内组织结构良好,主体为高织构;束内沉积热解炭的厚度较均匀,组织结构的变化与束外一致。对气体裂解过程中的反应气体组分进行模拟并与实验对比,发现生成高织构时,热解反应中间产物中的C2H2/C6H6范围为15～35。     

盘轴转子系统临界转速计算的改进传递矩阵法

在用传递矩阵法分析转子系统的临界转速时,传统的方法是忽略轮盘的厚度,将轮盘的传递矩阵作为点矩阵来处理的,这样会导致转子轴的刚度比实际模型的低,进而导致临界转速的计算结果偏低。本文将通过轮盘的传递矩阵作为场矩阵来处理,对计及轮盘厚度的传递矩阵进行了推导。分别使用传统传递矩阵法和本文提出的改进传递矩阵法对2个盘在不同位置的单盘转子模型以及一个多盘转子系统的临界转速进行了计算。对比结果表明,传统传递矩阵法的计算误差很容易就会达到一个不可忽略的水平,改进的传递矩阵法解决了这一问题。     

基于图像特征融合的粉末床缺陷检测方法

针对单一特征对粉末床缺陷表达不明确导致检测效果不佳的问题,提出了一种基于特征融合的增材制造过程粉末床缺陷视觉检测方法。该算法分别使用SIFT方法、灰度共生矩阵和Hu不变矩提取尺度空间特征、纹理特征和几何特征,借助词袋模型对每张图像构建3组视觉单词直方图,通过串行融合3组视觉单词直方图得到新的特征矩阵,采用特征选择对融合后特征矩阵进行降维,并传入随机森林分类器中进行训练。实验结果表明,不同特征对粉末床不同类型缺陷检测具有不同的贡献,优化特征融合参数后,算法平均准确率达到97.46%,缺陷检测效果明显提升。