直升机桨—涡干扰预测方法研究

本文简要介绍了桨—涡干扰(BVI)预测的一些情况(预定尾迹法、自由尾迹法、等环量曲涡元法和CFD/CSD耦合法等)。总的来说,在桨—涡干扰预测方面已取得了很大进步,但要达到准确预测桨—涡干扰尚需作进一步努力。     

管道轴向流固耦合振动的行波方法研究

基于梁模型,考虑泊松耦合与连接件耦合的影响,研究了输流管道轴向振动的波传播方程及节点散射模型,在此基础上提出了行波法分析管道流固耦合振动。以轴向位移为基本变量,推导了输流管道轴向振动的波导方程;通过节点散射模型,组集了管道流固耦合的动力学模型,在此基础上,研究了管道在几种不同边界条件约束下,泊松耦合、连接耦合对管道振动的影响。文中算例表明行波法具有建模简单且数值精度高的特点,可以应用到复杂管道的建模与控制中。     

跨声叶栅角区激波/附面层干扰的开槽控制措施

提出了使用叶根槽作为一种被动控制手段来控制跨声叶栅的角区分离问题。在压力面与吸力面的压差作用下,叶根槽可产生自发射流,为叶栅吸力面侧角区注入高能流体,从而控制跨声叶栅的角区分离问题。通过数值模拟的方法分析了在不同攻角下叶根槽对压气机叶栅性能的影响及作用机理。结果表明:在小攻角下,叶根槽射流可破坏角区环形涡,从而有效减小跨声叶栅角区分离,提高叶栅的流通能力,改善叶栅性能;在大攻角下,叶根槽射流已不能破坏角区环形涡,但仍能为角区低能流体充能,减弱角区分离,从而拓宽叶栅工作范围。在0°攻角下总压损失系数可降低11.6%,同时叶栅攻角裕度由2°拓宽为3°。      

Unsteady Flow Variability Driven by Rotor-stator Interaction at Rotor Exit

Numerical investigation of the unsteady flow variability driven by rotorstator interaction in a transonic axial compressor is performed. Two models with close and far axial gap between rotor and stator rows are studied in the simulation. Particular attention is attached to the analysis of mechanisms involved in driving rotor wake oscillation, rotor wake skewing and flow angle fluctuation at rotor exit. The results show that smaller axial gap is favorable to enhance the interaction in the region between two adjacent rows, and the fluctuation of the static pressure difference between two sides of rotor wake is improved by potential field from down stator, which is the driving force for rotor wake oscillation. The interaction between rotor and stator is weakened by increasing axial distance, rotor wake shifts to suction side of rotor blade with 5%-10% of rotor pitch, the absolute value of flow angle at rotor exit is less than that in the case of close interspace for every time step, and the fluctuation amplitude is also decreased.     

多块协调变形的网格变形技术及其应用

基于多块网格协调变形的理论,提出了适用于叶轮机内流多物边界的更具一般性的网格变形技术,先获得块边界处的变形量,然后插值得到块内网格各点的变形量。通过二维振荡叶栅和带叶尖间隙的三维跨音风扇叶片的非定常绕流算例,证明网格变形技术在叶轮机气弹稳定性数值模拟中的应用是有效的,能够在保证网格高精度的条件下,提高网格变形速度。     

1Cr11Ni23Ti3MoB材料气体渗氮工艺研究

某零组件渗氮时,其渗氮层易出现裂纹及剥落的问题。经研究发现,1Cr11Ni23Ti3MoB材料渗氮时,由于渗氮温度、氨分解率过低,导致零件表面氮势过高,极易在渗层内产生大量微裂纹,并会导致渗层表面出现剥落的现象。通过控制渗氮温度、渗氮时间、氨分解率,有效的解决该类质量问题。     

基于人工势场法的月球表层采样装置避障规划

表层采样技术是获取地外天体土壤样品的重要手段,为在月表复杂地形、不确定着陆姿态、不规则器表包络约束下,快速获取安全的表层采样动态轨迹,文章根据四自由度表层采样装置设计,分析了工作过程中的正逆运动学关系;根据表层采样装置动、静态目标点运动要求,将约束空间分解为有效障碍检测区与不可达集,进行表层采样避障规划;为加快规划速度,针对表层采样装置瞬态构型构建了动态障碍检测区、动态不可达集;结合人工势场法提出了避障规划算法。对典型姿态下表层采样过程的避障规划仿真表明,该算法可实现约束条件下的表层采样轨迹规划,并对表层采样装置适应性设计提供支持。     

直升机旋翼桨-涡干扰状态非定常气弹载荷高精度预估

为准确计算直升机旋翼在复杂的桨-涡干扰(BVI)状态下的气弹载荷,在刚性旋翼计算流体力学方法中引入桨叶弹性变形的影响,建立了一套适合于弹性旋翼BVI状态气动特性分析的计算流体力学/计算结构力学(CFD/CSD)耦合方法.CFD模块对Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)/Euler方程进行求解,并采用双时间法推进和Baldwin-Lomax(B-L)湍流模型.CSD模块采用中等变形梁假设的有限元模型,通过Newmark-Beta方法求解桨叶运动方程.通过代数变换方法进行桨叶网格变形,并建立一个适于流场/结构信息交换的CFD/CSD耦合方法.在分别验证CFD和CSD模块的有效性的基础上,开展UH-60A直升机旋翼的BVI 状态载荷分析,并与飞行测试数据进行了对比.计算结果表明:相比于旋翼综合分析中的升力线理论和刚性旋翼CFD方法,耦合的CFD/CSD方法可以更准确地预测BVI状态气弹载荷,并有效地模拟桨叶前行侧方位角和后行侧方位角附近的BVI现象,对BVI导致的升力波动幅值和相位的计算结果均与试验值吻合良好.      

基于导纳原理的下肢外骨骼摆动控制

针对下肢外骨骼摆动过程中对操作者运动意图的识别和跟踪问题,首先提出了一种基于导纳原理的控制算法.该方法借鉴了物体运动过程中力和速度所具有的导纳特性,通过合理设计导纳参数将操作者与下肢外骨骼之间的交互力转化为外骨骼的期望运动轨迹.然后利用传统控制方法驱动外骨骼准确跟踪期望运动轨迹,最终实现操作者和外骨骼的协调运动.构建了包含交互力信息的人机系统模型,并在此基础上进行了仿真验证试验.仿真结果表明:相比于未驱动的外骨骼,正常摆动频率下操作者与外骨骼之间的交互力降低了约85%,并成功实现了对操作者运动的准确跟踪,误差在±0.3°以内.      

Investigation of rotor–stator interaction broadband noise using a RANS-informed analytical method

A Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS)-information analytical method for predicting Rotor-Stator Interaction (RSI) broadband noise is established in this paper. First, the turbulence information is deduced from RANS simulation result. Then, the unsteady load on the stator blade is calculated using a strip theory approach based on LINearized SUBsonic unsteady flow in cascade (LINSUB) and 2-D equivalence method. In the end, the sound power of RSI broadband noise is calculated by coupling the unsteady load on the stator blade with acoustic analogy and annular duct mode. The broadband noise model part of the RANS-information analytical method is validated against the upstream sound power of an annular cascade experimental bench. Besides, the RANS-information analytical method is used in predicting RSI broadband noise of a single-stage axial fan acoustic experimental bench, the results illustrate that the RANS-information analytical method can accurately predict the RSI broadband noise in different fan working conditions. After simplification the Wave Leading Edge (WLE) stator blade, the effect of WLE stator blade on RSI broadband noise is studies. Although the simplification may bring some discrepancies, the results illustrate that the RANS-information analytical method has the capability for further studies on the broadband noise reduction with WLE stator blade.