离子发动机羽流空间电位诊断

离子发动机羽流空间电位分布不合理可能会造成一系列问题,以至于影响航天器的正常工作。试验使用发射探针对20 cm氙离子发动机束流区等离子体空间电位进行诊断,测点选取轴向距离发动机出口平面250～900 mm,径向0～450 mm,探针钨丝直径0.1 mm,加热电流1.5～2.5 A。发射探针诊断建立在电子热发射基础上,因其I-V曲线拐点较朗缪尔探针更为明显,所以测量得到的空间电位分布更为准确。国外已经广泛使用发射探针测量等离子体空间电位,发射探针的试验数据处理方法仍存在较大分歧。从发射探针工作时的物理过程着手,分析热电子发射多少对空间电位诊断结果的影响,采用不同的探针I-V曲线处理方法并对各种方法利弊进行讨论,分析偏离真实空间电位的原因,比较得到较为合理的结果,对发射探针的结构改造和加热电流的选取提供依据,为发动机性能的改善和羽流仿真模型提供参考。     

航天器避障交会有限时间滑模控制

针对航天器安全交会过程中的避障问题,提出一种基于有限时间滑模变结构控制与人工势函数相结合的控制方法。首先,对斥力势进行修正使得势函数在期望状态的值为零。其次,基于速度偏差和引力梯度设计滑模面,并考虑障碍物的速度设计控制律。利用Lyapunov稳定性定理分析证明在存在外部干扰情况下,系统能够在有限时间内收敛到期望状态并保持渐近稳定。最后,利用数值仿真来验证所设计的控制律的正确性和有效性。仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效实现规避动态障碍物,满足安全交会的要求。     

脉冲等离子体源控制航天器表面充电电位的研究

在空间环境运行的航天器存在表面充电现象,而航天器表面充电引发的静电放电是导致航天器异常及故障的重要原因之一。因此,在航天器设计和应用中,必须对航天器表面电位采取必要的控制和防护措施。文章介绍了用脉冲等离子体源进行航天器表面充电电位主动控制的研究。通过模拟实验和实验数据分析,证实了用脉冲等离子体源能有效地控制航天器表面充...     

Topological Studies of Three-dimensional Flows in a High Pressure Compressor Stator Blade Row without and with Boundary Layer Aspiration

This paper presents a numerical study of the flow topologies of three-dimensional (3D) flows in a high pressure compressor stator blade row without and with boundary layer aspiration on the hub wall. The stator blade is representative of the first stage operating under transonic inlet conditions and the blade design encourages development of highly complex 3D flows. The blade has a small tip clearance. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies show progressive increase of hub corner stall with the increase in incidence. Aspiration is implemented on the hub wall via a slot in the corner between the hub wall and the suction surface. The CFD studies show aspiration to be sensitive to the suction flow rate; lower rate leads to very complex flow structures and increased level of losses whereas higher rate renders aspiration effective for control of hub corner separation. The flow topologies are studied by trace of skin friction lines on the walls. The nature of flow can be explained by the topological rules of closed separation. Furthermore, a deeper analysis is done for a particular case with advanced criterion to test the non-degeneracy of critical points in the flow field.     

热电偶测温过程中温度跳跃问题的分析及处理

通过对热电偶在测量温度中出现的温度跳跃问题进行分析,对其可能产生故障的原因逐一排查并提出解决方案,重点分析了热电偶在串入附加地电势后导致温度跳跃的原因。本文的研究对于在使用热电偶进行实际工程测量时具有一定指导作用,并对该问题的理论研究具有一定借鉴意义。     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON SWIRLING AND RECIRCULATING TWO-PHASE FLOW FIELD IN A COLD MODEL OF DUAL-INLET SUDDEN-EXPANSION COMBUSTOR

The axial and tangential velocities of gas and particle phases and particle concentration for turbulent swirling and recirculating gas-particle (simulating gas-droplet) flows in a cold model of a dual-inlet sudden-expansion combustor with partially tangential central tubes, proposed by the present authors, were measured by using a 2-D LDV system and a laser optic fiber system combined with a sampling probe. The results show that there are both gas and particle strongly reverse flows and swirling flows in the head part of the combustor. The velocity slip between gas and particle phases is remarkable. The particle concentration is higher near the wall and lower near the axis. There are two peaks in the concentration profiles near the inlet tubes. The above-obtained flow characteristics are favorable to ignition, flame stabilization and combustion. The results can also be used to validate the numerical modeling.     

Local stability analysis of interface region of astrophysical viscous shear flows with a gradual velocity gradient

In this paper, we extend the stability analysis of cold sharp shear flows to warm astrophysical cases with, inevitable, gradual velocity gradient in the interface region in the presence of viscosity effect. Using linear perturbation theory as well as the local approximation method, the instability growth rate of the excited electromagnetic modes has been investigated for the relativistic and non-relativistic cases of solar wind interacting with interstellar plasma medium. Results show that astrophysical shear systems with a small velocity gradient in the transition region are more stable rather than larger ones. Moreover, dependent on the viscosity coefficient value, the viscosity effects could have a positive role on the instability growth rate of the system in some range of initial bulk velocity, while it plays a destructive role in other velocity ranges.     

S2流面有旋流动的赝势函数变分原理族

本文建立了以赝势函数表示的叶轮机内Ｓ２流面有旋流动的问题和半反问题的变分原理及广义变分原理，从而为Ｓ２流面有旋流动（特别是含激波的跨声速流动）提供一个简单的数学变分形式，作为变分有限元解法和各种变分直接解法的理论基础。     

研究两相流流动特性的测量系统

一种在气-液两相流或液相流中流动特性的测量系统,其结构简单、操作方便、实用性强;它可以自动地移动测量探针、进行多通道的数据采集和对实测数据进行实时处理;采样频率可达几十万赫兹; 这个系统适用于处理各种仪表输出的模拟或数字信号。本文描述了测量气泡速度、气泡大小、含气率、混匀时间和剪切应力等的电位探针和电化学技术。这个系统在许多实验中得到应用。     

含有椭圆孔对称复合材料层板弯曲的应力集中

针对含有椭圆孔无限大对称复合材料层板在弯曲载荷作用下的应力集中问题，利用经典的复合材料层板理论，将对称层板弯曲归结为均匀各项异性薄板弯曲问题来求解，采用各向异性薄板弯曲理论中复势方法，以保角映射技术为工具，得到了其解析解。并详细讨论了椭圆孔或圆孔对单层板和对称层板弯曲应力集中的影响，得到了对工程应用有一定价值的结论。