磁尾等离子体片对流对亚暴的影响

采用2(1/2)维全粒子电磁模拟方法研究了等离子体片中稳态对流及局地爆发高速流对磁层亚暴触发过程的影响.研究发现,地向瞬时局地高速流可触发磁场重联,导致储存于磁尾磁场能量的快速释放.但是,等离子体片稳态对流可抑制磁尾磁场重联过程.此项研究结果表明,局地爆发高速流能够触发磁层亚暴;而行星际磁场(IMF)持续南向时的稳态磁层对流期间,不易发生亚暴.      

A Mechanism of Solar Variability Effect on Radiative Balance of the Earth Atmosphere

Possible mechanisms of solar-climatic connections, which may be of importance as over short and long time intervals, are discussed. The variations of energetic balance of Earth's climatic system for the last fifty years are estimated. It is ascertained that the disbalance between the flux of solar energy that comes to the Earth and radiates to space is of 0.1% for the last ten years. The suggested mechanism makes it possible to explain not only the observed variation of the enthalpy of the Earth's climatic system for the period 1910-1980, but also the climate anomalies during last thousand years: the climate optimum in 12 century, and"small glacial period" in 16-17 centuries.      

A New Single-blade Based Hybrid CFD Method for Hovering and Forward-flight Rotor Computation

A hybrid Euler/full potential/Lagrangian wake method,based on single-blade simulation,for predicting unsteady aerodynamic flow around helicopter rotors in hover and forward flight has been developed.In this method,an Euler solver is used to model the near wake evolution and transonic flow phenomena in the vicinity of the blade,and a full potential equation(FPE) is used to model the isentropic potential flow region far away from the rotor,while the wake effects of other blades and the far wake are incorporated into the flow solution as an induced inflow distribution using a Lagrangian based wake analysis.To further reduce the execution time,the computational fluid dynamics(CFD) solution and rotor wake analysis(including induced velocity up-date) are conducted parallelly,and a load balancing strategy is employed to account for the information exchange between two solvers.By the developed method,several hover and forward-flight cases on Caradonna-Tung and Helishape 7A rotors are per-formed.Good agreements of the loadings on blade surface with available measured data demonstrate the validation of the method.Also,the CPU time required for different computation runs is compared in the paper,and the results show that the pre-sent hybrid method is superior to conventional CFD method in time cost,and will be more efficient with the number of blades increasing.     

Analytical exact solutions for unsteady collisionless plume flows in a vacuum

This paper presents a set of gaskinetic solutions to the problem of unsteady collisionless round plume development: startup and development to a steady flow; steady flow; and shutting down from a steady flow. This can find applications in studying similar transient plume flows from space propulsion devices. Different from many past studies, here we consider the general situation that the average exit gas speed can be larger than zero, and detailed geometry of the nozzle exit radius is included. A fundamental space–velocity–time relation is adopted in this study and it plays a crucial role to obtain the complete flowfield properties of density, velocity, pressure and temperature. This study reveals that there are some internal complementary relations on density and momentum among these three processes. The results involve complex integrations involving factors of time, geometry, and specific speed ratio. Several numerical simulations with the direct simulation Monte Carlo method validate these analytical exact results.     

S-03钢渗氮层裂纹分析与控制

基于渗氮层出现裂纹的原理,结合现有氮化罐老化、炉气压力不稳定等生产条件对渗氮层裂纹产生的原因进行了分析。通过对生产过程中的准备工作、炉气压力及退氮过程等可能导致渗氮层出现裂纹的各个环节进行严格控制,解决了目前生产中渗氮层裂纹的问题,提高了渗氮层的质量。     

航天器规避动态障碍物的自适应人工势函数制导

针对航天器近距离操作中的动态障碍物规避问题,研究了一种燃料较省、精度较高的规避动态障碍物的自适应人工势函数制导方法。首先,对于引入高斯函数形式斥力势会使势函数在收敛点处的值不为零的情况,对斥力势乘以修正项,使得在收敛点的势能为零,消除了平衡点的偏离;在规避静态障碍物的基础上,研究了规避动态障碍物的人工势函数制导。其次,根据速度与引力梯度之间的关系,设计负反馈,使引力势梯度“适应”速度的变化,研究了规避动态障碍物的自适应人工势函数制导。最后,采用精确的数学模型进行数值仿真,验证所设计的制导律的正确性和有效性,并与传统的人工势函数制导对比。仿真结果表明：采用修正势函数提高了收敛精度;自适应人工势函数制导控制脉冲作用施加更加合理,相比人工势函数而言,总速度脉冲消耗可节省30%,精度提高两个数量级。     

动静干涉对涡轮转子叶片气膜冷却的影响

为研究动静干涉对涡轮转子叶片气膜冷却效果的影响,选取AGTB涡轮叶栅作为研究对象,匹配前排导叶并对整级叶栅进行非定常数值模拟。对不同时刻流场截面的流动情况以及叶片表面温度随时间的演化规律进行了详细的分析,此外,总结了尾迹和势干涉对下游叶片气膜冷却的影响。主要结论如下:导叶强烈的势干涉作用在幅值为12°的范围内改变下游叶片的入射角,对冷却射流有非常大的影响;尾迹和势干涉作用诱导冷却射流的"上扬"现象,并使其冷气流量增加20%以上,有利于提高瞬时的冷却效果;势干涉对前缘冷却射流的作用时间约为1/2个静子周期,尾迹的作用时间约为1/6个静子周期,前者作用时间长,且效果更强。受到输运效果的影响,整个叶片冷却效果的变化与气膜孔射流状态的变化不是同步的,滞后时间可达1/3个静子周期甚至更长。      

一种利用非均质多面体模型确定小行星附近引力场的方法

从力学的角度出发,如何准确地建立小行星附近的引力场模型是小行星研究中最为基础、最为关键的部分。提出一种基于多面体模型的模拟小行星附近引力场的方法。该方法的准确性一方面取决于多面体模型的精细程度,即模型分辨率,另一方面取决于勒让德级数的截断误差。选取均质小行星模型,求取其引力场并与使用原有多面体方法求得的引力场进行对比,以此验证本方法的可行性。通过对形状参数相同的均质、非均质多面体模型附近的引力场进行对比来说明非均质小行星引力场建模的重要意义。     

非接触式表面电位探针设计与研制概述

在月球环境地面模拟实验室中,月表土壤的模拟带电情况测试需要用到非接触式表面电位探针。文章设计了一种非接触式表面电位探针,利用压电陶瓷外加驱动电压可产生形变的原理,以正弦电压信号驱动压电陶瓷周期振动,引起陶瓷片与被测带电体表面间电容变化从而产生感应电流,通过对感应电流的测量计算得出被测表面的静电电位。在实际工作中,其测量范围可达到0~4000V,测量精度优于5%。该仪器可广泛应用于表面静电带电测量及其他空间静电带电测量项目。     

Evaluation of Turbulence Models in Predicting Hypersonic and Subsonic Base Flows Using Grid Adaptation Techniques

The flows behind the base of a generic rocket, at both hypersonic and subsonic flow conditions, are numerically studied. The main concerns are addressed to the evaluation of turbulence models and the using of grid adaptation techniques. The investiga- tion focuses on two configurations, related to hypersonic and subsonic experiments. The applicability tests of different turbulence models are conducted on the level of two-equation models calculating the steady state solution of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations. All used models, the original Wilcox k-ω, the Menter shear-stress transport (SST) and the explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model(EARSM) formulation, predict an asymmetric base flow in both cases caused by the support of the models. A comparison with preliminary experimental results indicates a preference for the SST and EARSM results over the results from the older k-ω model. Sensitivity studies show no significant influence of the grid topology or the location of the laminar to turbulent transition on the base flow field, but a strong influence of even small angles of attack is reported from the related experiments.