基于非线性摩擦模型参数观测器的自适应摩擦补偿方法的研究

通过摩擦补偿的分析提出了一种基于非线性摩擦模型参数观测器的自适应摩擦补偿方法,从工程实用角度出发采用的是库仑加粘滞的摩擦模型,设计了两个观测器实现对库仑摩擦系数和粘滞摩擦系数的估计,并用MATLAB软件对转台工作状态进行了仿真,结果表明此观测器有良好的自适应补偿性能。     

组合卫星接收机中的选星算法

分析了五阶矩阵的行列式值与5颗星GDOP(Geometry Dilution of Precision)值的关系,并由此提出了一种用于双卫星星座组合接收机(如GPS(Global Position System)和BD2(BeiDou2)组合接收机)中的选星算法——组合优选法.该方法首先选出行列式绝对值最大的几种组合,然后根据需要对每种组合从其余可见星中选出几颗最优星,最后根据GDOP最小原则从这几种组合中选取最终结果.计算机仿真结果显示该方法与直接利用GDOP选星相比,95％以上的GDOP相对比值小于5％,而计算量减小40％以上.      

GPS速度法确定飞机空速系统位置误差

飞机空速系统位置误差的测定,飞行试验中有多种常规方法,但期精度只能满足常规型号空速系统的验证要求。针对这一问题提出了ＧＰＳ速度法,叙述了该方法的原理、实施过程和数据处理方法,讨论了方法的系统精度并给出了误差估算结果。通过对某型飞机的验证试飞,表明该方法简便易行,可满足气动补偿型空速系统的试飞验证要求。     

The northern and southern mid-latitude ionospheric trough using global IGS vTEC maps

The aim of this work is the analysis of the mid-latitude ionospheric trough (MIT) using the Global Ionospheric Maps from IGS (GIMs) during the solar minimum, year 2008. This study was performed for different local times, 22, 00, 02 and 04 LT on the Northern and Southern hemisphere simultaneously. In the two hemispheres the MIT show asymmetric pattern. The high-latitude troughs are clearly distinguished in autumn and winter. Another feature is the longitudinal development towards the west of the geomagnetic pole covering a wider area in the Northern Hemisphere. Five empirical reference models were tested and compared with the MIT minimum position obtained from GIMs at different local times for both hemisphere. The results show a better agreement with the observations for the Northern Hemisphere specially with the Köehnlein & Raitt model. Fluctuations of 9 days and 27 days of the MIT minimum position are found, which could be related with the solar wind oscillations, especially for 00 and 02 LT in both hemisphere, suggesting a link between them.     

总体结构优化在导弹总体设计中应用

作为导弹总体设计的一项重要内容，结构总体设计优劣影响着导弹最佳总体技术方案成败。现根据型号研制的工程经验，提出了应用于结构总体设计的总体结构优化方法。结合实例，着重从结构最优布局、动力学优化和运动学分析等三方面阐述了具有并行设计特点的总体结构优化内涵。研究表明，总体结构优化是基于并行工程框架的数字化定义、数字化预装配和分析、仿真一体化设计，是解决导弹结构轻质化、提高导弹总体设计水平的有效途径。     

点火位置对中心分级燃烧室点火过程影响的研究

燃烧室点火可靠性关系到发动机的整体性能,而点火位置对点火结果具有较大的影响。本文首先对点火位置位于回流区边缘中游的点火过程进行实验研究,同时采用数值模拟的方法对冷态流场和燃烧过程进行研究并与实验结果对比,从而验证数值模拟的准确性,最后采用数值模拟的方法研究了不同点火位置的火焰传播过程。结果表明,点火初始时刻,在流场的作用下,火核首先在燃油浓度较高的周向进行传播,同时在流场的作用下沿轴向向燃烧室下游传播,最终在回流区的作用下运动至燃烧室头部。当点火位置位于回流区中上游时,点火成功的关键是火焰传播到靠近头部燃油浓度较高的区域,而点火位置位于回流区下游时,其点火成功的关键是火焰传播到燃烧室中心位置并具有较高的能量。最佳点火位置位于回流区边缘的中游位置。     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的GPS多径抑制技术

本文研究GPS系统中多径误差抑制技术。利用小范围多天线系统中多径对各天线之间伪距测量值影响的相关性，采用扩展卡尔曼滤波技术得到多径信号各参数，从接收信号中消去多径信号，以抑制多径信号影响。文章推导了多径信号对码环误差影响的闭合表达式，建立了采用当前统计模型的状态方程和观测方程。仿真表明该方法具备良好的抑制效果。     

A direct position determination method with combined TDOA and FDOA based on particle filter

The localization of a stationary transmitter using moving receivers is considered. The original Direct Position Determination (DPD) methods, with combined Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) and Frequency Difference of Arrival (FDOA), do not perform well under low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), and worse still, the computation cost is difficult to accept when the computational capabilities are limited. To get better positioning performance, we present a new DPD algorithm that proves to be more computationally efficient and more precise for weak signals than the conventional approach. The algorithm partitions the signal received with the same receiver into multiple non-overlapping short-time signal segments, and then uses the TDOA, the FDOA and the coherency among the short-time signals to locate the target. The fast maximum likelihood estimation, one iterative method based on particle filter, is designed to solve the problem of high computation load. A secondary but important result is a derivation of closed-form expressions of the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB). The simulation results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper outperforms the traditional DPD algorithms with more accurate results and higher computational efficiency, and especially at low SNR, it is more close to the CRLB.     

去中心化时差频差直接定位方法

针对原始利用时差频差的直接定位(DPD)方法存在数据传输量和计算量大的瓶颈,提出了两种去中心化直接定位方法。第1种方法采用去中心化配对方案,只将各观测站截获信号在站间进行一次传输,将数据传输和计算分散到各观测站间并行计算互模糊函数(CAF),构造仅满足满秩条件的互模糊矩阵(CAM)。第2种方法根据推导的任意互模糊函数间关系公式,采用归约方式去中心化的在各观测站并行计算余下互模糊函数,补全互模糊矩阵。两种方法都降低了直接定位数据传输量,提高了计算效率。性能分析和仿真实验表明本文两种方法精度性能优于两步定位方法,在低信噪比时两种方法都可达到比较理想的精度性能,在高信噪比时第2种方法与原始直接定位方法的精度性能相当。     

Relative position and attitude estimation of spacecrafts based on dual quaternion for rendezvous and docking

The capacity to acquire the relative position and attitude information between the chaser and the target satellites in real time is one of the necessary prerequisites for the successful implementation of autonomous rendezvous and docking. This paper addresses a vision based relative position and attitude estimation algorithm for the final phase of spacecraft rendezvous and docking. By assuming that the images of feature points on the target satellite lie within the convex regions, the estimation of the relative position and attitude is converted into solving a convex optimization problem in which the dual quaternion method is employed to represent the rotational and translational transformation between the chaser body frame and the target body frame. Due to the point-to-region correspondence instead of the point-to-point correspondence is used, the proposed estimation algorithm shows good performance in robustness which is verified through computer simulations.