Improved precision of virtual height measurements with coherent radio pulse sounding based on the maximum likelihood method

The paper describes a new technique that improves precision of the virtual height measurements by a coherent pulse sounding of the ionosphere. Proposed technique is based on the method of maximum likelihood that matches expected and observed spectral domain signatures of the signal intermixed with the noise. Computer simulations show that our technique allows measurements of the echo virtual height with ∼100 m precision even at a much coarser step of the height sampling in the sounder. In experiment, we expect an average 300 m precision of the virtual height measurements for single echoes received during periods of little spread due to ionospheric irregularities.     

Storm time behavior of topside scale height inferred from the ionosphere–plasmasphere model driven by the F2 layer peak and GPS-TEC observations

The International Reference Ionosphere model extended to the plasmasphere, IRI-Plas, presents global electron density profiles and total electron content, TECiri, up to the altitude of the GPS satellites (20,000 km). The model code is modified by input of GPS-derived total electron content, TECgps, so that the topside scale height, Hsc, is obtained minimizing in one step the difference between TECiri and TECgps observation. The topside basis scale height, Hsc, presents the distance in km above the peak height at which the peak plasma density, NmF2, decays by a factor of e (∼2.718). The ionosonde derived F2 layer peak density and height and GPS-derived TECgps data are used with IRI-Plas code during the main phase of more than 100 space weather storms for a period of 1999–2006. Data of seven stations are used for the analysis, and data from five other stations served as testing database. It is found that the topside basis scale height is growing (depressing) when the peak electron density (critical frequency foF2) and electron content are decreased (increased) compared to the median value, and vice versa. Relative variability of the scale height, rHsc, and the instantaneous Hsc are inferred analytically in a function of the instantaneous foF2, median fmF2 and median Hmsc avoiding a reference to geomagnetic indices. Results of validation suggest reliability of proposed algorithm for implementation in an operational mode.     

太阳活动对EUV辐射在大气中吸收过程的影响

本文利用A-E卫星在太阳活动21周峰年间观测到的EUV辐射资料,高层大气成分的吸收截面,以及MSIS-86热层大气模式,研究了EUV辐射在大气中的吸收过程;在透射比为1/e和0.1/100时分别计算了透射高度随波长及太阳活动的变化。在波长范围50—1050内对37个波段分别求出了透射高度随太阳天顶角的变化。结果表明,当太阳活动增强时各波段的透射高度均升高,而且透射比越大则透射高度随太阳活动的变化也越剧烈。当透射比为一定时,太阳天顶角越大则透射高度随太阳活动的变化也越大。除此之外还存在一个相反效应,即太阳活动会使Chapman函数变小,这反过来又促使透射高度降低。这两种效应的综合作用结果可较好地解释某些电离层观测中的日没效应。     

一种基于Particle Filter的攻击目标高度估计算法

利用目标高度估计确定目标攻击要害点是精确制导武器信息处理中的一个重要内容。传统方法主要有直接利用几何方法估计和扩展卡尔曼滤波器方法,这两种方法精度都不高。Partic le F ilter是一种新出现的滤波方法,在解决非线性问题中得到了广泛应用。利用Partic le F ilter设计了一种新的目标高度估计算法。该算法通过贝叶斯递推方法,避免了在测量方程非线性很强的时候,扩展卡尔曼滤波器不合理的线性化所带来的误差。仿真结果表明,这种基于Partic le F ilter的目标高度估计算法提高了估计精度和收敛的鲁棒性。     

Sensing snow height and surface temperature variations in Greenland from GPS reflected signals

The in situ measurements of snow surface temperature (SST) and snow height (SH) are very difficult with high costs, particularly in Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). Since the snow depth variations coupling with surface temperature are related to GPS multipath, it is possible to estimate the snow depth and surface air temperature variations by incorporating GPS-Reflectometry (GPS-R). In this paper, the reflected signals from ground GPS receivers are used to sense the SST and SH variations based on the thermophysical behavior and variations of snow layer from April to June 2010 at SMM1 site and from March to December 2010 at MARG site in Greenland. The results show that the mean daily changes in the ionospheric geometrical-free linear combination (GPS-L4) of dual-frequency GPS signals are related to daily SST and SH variations. The nonparametric bootstrapping model in direct (forward) and inverse models are developed and applied to estimate the SST and SH variations. The mean biases of SST and SH estimates are 0.18 °C and 0.23 m at SMM1 site, respectively, and 3.8 °C and 0.13 m at MARG site, respectively.     

基于PLM的网络DNC平台的研究

近十年来,随着装备制造业网络、数控、企业信息化等技术的不断深入推广和完善,使流程化管理、角色访问、柔性加工和实时诊断监控等技术,在提高企业竞争力的过程中起着十分重要的作用。它们都以计算机辅助制造与计算机集成制造系统为技术支撑。作为生产的终端,数控设备的管理就成了一个核心的环节。较早开发的CAD,CAM,PLM及PDM主要侧重于文档、角色、流程的管理,由于一些客观的原因,企业内部对数控生产线和数控设备的管理却又相对落后,尤其是对数控代码的管理和维护十分混乱,为此尝试在PLM的基础上搭建一个DNC平台来解决这一问题。     

航天器舷窗区域的热控设计和理论分析

结合舷窗的热设计原则,提出舷窗区域的热控设计方案。其中,重点对通过热管技术和高导热材料技术来实现等温化进行了说明,并分析了舷窗法兰框在不同传热方向上的等效导热系数。最后,对航天器舷窗区域在轨飞行的典型传热变化过程建立数学模型,并给出其简化的理论解。     

高空空域飞机高度保持性能分析

飞机高度保持性能是影响空域运行安全的重要因素。在总结飞机高度保持性能定义、要素及评价指标的基础上,推导了高空空域飞机高度保持性能的求解公式。针对高度保持偏差样本分布尖峰厚尾的特征,提出了基于指数幂分布和高斯 双指数混合分布拟合区间化的高度保持偏差数据的方法,并利用似然比检验法检验两类分布的拟合优度。实例评估表明,中国现行高空空域内飞机的整体高度保持性能满足安全性要求。     

不同流动角对变截面双通道内换热特性实验

研究了变截面双通道内肋的角度对通道换热的影响,并且与光滑变截面通道进行了比较。实验模型中,矩形肋对称布置在上下两个表面,肋与来流的角度按两种布置。实验结果表明,带强化肋通道的换热效果比不带肋通道的换热效果增强50%左右;与以往研究结论带有60°平行肋的通道换热效果大于带90°肋的通道的换热效果的结论不同,结果显示,当通道肋高比为0.092时,带有90°平行肋的通道换热效果大于带60°肋的通道的换热效果。      

气路闭环横向互联空气悬架车身高度调节

为进一步改善空气悬架动力性与能耗经济性,结合互联空气悬架系统与高低压罐气路闭环车身高度调节系统的优点,提出气路闭环横向互联空气悬架系统.针对传统空气悬架车身高度控制策略应用于互联悬架存在的移植性缺陷,构建专门适用于横向互联空气悬架的车身高度比例积分微分-脉冲宽度调制(PID-PWM)控制策略,基于MATLAB/Simulink建立整车数学模型并进行仿真分析.仿真结果表明该控制策略响应迅速,且避免了超调现象,解决了传统空气悬架车身高度控制策略应用于横向互联悬架的移植性缺陷等问题.搭建试验台架,进行车身高度调节试验并对储气罐不同初始气压下充放气时间及控制误差进行研究.试验结果表明,提出的控制策略能准确地实现气路闭环横向互联空气悬架系统车身高度的切换,验证了所建模型的正确性以及控制策略的有效性,储气罐不同初始气压对车身高度调节性能的影响研究为车身高度调节的参数选择提供了依据.