Who are the SETI sceptics?

Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence (SETI) is now more than half a century old and has provoked enough discussion on technical, philosophical, and popular level, much of it critical. Historically, the criticism of SETI has been strong enough to heavily influence the course of research, so that there is a significant interest in discerning the nuances and fine points of critical argumentation. In this paper, I outline the two major forms of SETI scepticism, “fundamentalist” and “instrumentalist,” which are often conflated in the published literature, both technical and popular. Precise delineation between these two types of scepticism is important for future research as a part of a wider taxonomic project, the build-up of SETI theory, as well as for smooth joining of SETI with the ongoing astrobiological revolution. Resolving the confusion in this respect is likely to lead to an improved atmosphere and heightened public image of future SETI searches and related activities.     

推力室多孔面板发汗冷却试验研究

为了研究液体火箭发动机推力室喷注器多孔面板发汗冷却特性,以缩比推力室挤压热试验的形式开展了多孔面板发汗冷却特性研究,试验采用常温气氢对喷注器多孔面板进行发汗冷却。发汗冷却试验共进行5次,燃烧室压力为3.9～7.6 MPa,燃烧室氢氧混合比为2.8～7.2。研究结果表明在本试验研究状态下面板燃气侧温度为680～830 K...     

基于球堆叠的月壤蓄热器传热特性数值研究

月壤蓄热是月球原位资源利用的一种重要方式，也是解决未来月球基地能源需求的最具潜力的途径之一。针对月壤蓄热过程，建立了基于球形堆叠的月壤蓄热器多孔介质蓄热模型。蓄热器的壳体采用登月舱下降级的燃料罐，流体传热介质采用氦气。通过数值模拟的方法研究了不同流动压降下月壤蓄热球堆叠方式、球直径对蓄热器传热过程的影响规律和机理，并分析了蓄热动态过程。研究结果表明，月壤蓄热球在简单立方体均匀堆叠（SC）和面中心立方体均匀堆叠(FCC)两种方式下，SC堆叠方式的综合蓄热指数比FCC模式可提高302%；同时还发现月壤蓄热球的直径存在最优值，可使得蓄热器在单位泵功下获得最大的蓄热量，并且该最佳值随着流体进出口压差增加而减小。该研究可为未来月壤蓄热器的设计和优化提供理论指导。     

Modeling gravity effects on water retention and gas transport characteristics in plant growth substrates

Growing plants to facilitate life in outer space, for example on the International Space Station (ISS) or at planned deep-space human outposts on the Moon or Mars, has received much attention with regard to NASA’s advanced life support system research. With the objective of in situ resource utilization to conserve energy and to limit transport costs, native materials mined on Moon or Mars are of primary interest for plant growth media in a future outpost, while terrestrial porous substrates with optimal growth media characteristics will be useful for onboard plant growth during space missions. Due to limited experimental opportunities and prohibitive costs, liquid and gas behavior in porous substrates under reduced gravity conditions has been less studied and hence remains poorly understood. Based on ground-based measurements, this study examined water retention, oxygen diffusivity and air permeability characteristics of six plant growth substrates for potential applications in space, including two terrestrial analogs for lunar and Martian soils and four particulate substrates widely used in reduced gravity experiments. To simulate reduced gravity water characteristics, the predictions for ground-based measurements (1 − g) were scaled to two reduced gravity conditions, Martian gravity (0.38 − g) and lunar gravity (0.16 − g), following the observations in previous reduced gravity studies. We described the observed gas diffusivity with a recently developed model combined with a new approach that estimates the gas percolation threshold based on the pore size distribution. The model successfully captured measured data for all investigated media and demonstrated the implications of the poorly-understood shift in gas percolation threshold with improved gas percolation in reduced gravity. Finally, using a substrate-structure parameter related to the gaseous phase, we adequately described the air permeability under reduced gravity conditions.     

船舶燃气轮机进气系统中过滤装置数值模型化处理方法研究

为了研究船舶燃气轮机进气系统中,过滤装置数值模型化处理方法的模拟精度及其适用性。针对一种双通道船舶燃气轮机进气系统,分别采用Fan边界和多孔介质模型方法对过滤装置（百叶窗、滤清器）的复杂结构进行处理,开展进气系统内流场特性的详细数值计算研究。结果表明：进气系统大部分总压损失源于燃烧空气滤清器产生的总压损失和竖井中的流动损失;与Fan边界相比,多孔介质模型方法能够获得更贴合实际的进气系统流场,对系统总压损失的预测更具可靠性;两种方法计算出的进气系统流动损失相差不超过10%;使用Fan边界需保证过滤装置不产生明显的整流作用,且压力损失实验数据完备,而选用多孔介质模型需要已知过滤装置阻力系数、孔隙率等物理参数。     

炭化层疏松/致密结构的三元乙丙烧蚀模型

分析了烧蚀发动机和高过载烧蚀发动机实验得到EPDM(三元乙丙)的炭化层结构,获得烧蚀过程炭化层结构形成变化的机理,建立了考虑疏松致密结构的多孔炭化层物理模型.模型中炭化层为非均质的多孔可渗透介质,孔隙内部存在气体扩散和热化学反应;炭化层中热解气体沉积效应形成致密结构.在多孔介质流动与传热算法基础上建立了模拟绝热材料烧蚀过程的数值方法,计算得到的炭化率、质量烧蚀率和炭化层的多孔结构与实验结果相吻合,证明了本烧蚀模型能够准确地描述绝热材料的热化学烧蚀过程,并为耦合烧蚀模型的建立提供数值算法基础.      

考虑辐射效应的多孔材料传热有限元算法

应用有限元法求解一维半透明多孔介质辐射对流传热问题。通过对辐射传递方程与边界条件中积分项的离散 ,推导出有限元求解列式。对于多孔介质传热控制方程和气体传热控制方程的求解 ,采用时间积分技术对两相温度统一进行求解。而对于边界方程处理 ,则通过传热方程与边界方程的循环求解 ,求出任意时刻温度场的瞬态解。给出数值算例 ,得出了放置在通风口、同时受到伴随辐射作用的半透明多孔介质传热的瞬态解 ,讨论了部分参数对瞬态温度场以及换热效果的影响      

氢化钛粉制备钛及Ti-6Al-4V钛合金粉末冶金工艺与性能研究

为了降低制造钛和钛合金半成品的成本,以氢化钛和氢化钛与铝-钒中间合金的混合物为原料,采用粉末冶金制备工艺分别制备了用于轧制的TA2和TC4多孔坯料,研究了热轧后合金的组织与力学性能。研究结果表明,不同形变程度(50%和75%)的热轧工艺有效消除了残余孔隙,改变了微观结构特征(之前的β晶粒边界α相消失),极大地提高了TA2和TC4合金的强度和塑性,而且与传统工艺相比,省略了锭块熔炼步骤,降低了钛和钛合金轧制产品的价格,而且与传统工艺相比,省略了锭块熔炼步骤,降低了钛和钛合金轧制产品的价格。     

一维、稳态、非热平衡发汗冷却的解析解研究

为了研究热平衡假设给求解发汗冷却问题带来的误差,同时避免非热平衡能量方程求解中边界条件提法上的争议,对一维、稳态、非热平衡发汗冷却数学模型进行了简化。通过忽略冷却介质流体在微孔流动中的热传导作用,得到了发汗冷却问题的解析解。利用解析解,讨论了热平衡与非热平衡的变化趋势以及影响热平衡的关键参数,并在此基础上,提出一个定量的热平衡假设使用准则。通过分析多孔材料骨架温度的变化趋势,研究了影响发汗冷却效率的因素。      

密度和形状因子变化时金属橡胶材料的本构关系

 以多孔材料理论为基础,干摩擦非线性理论为依据,并结合小曲梁模型建立了金属橡胶材料的非线性本构关系,通过对14种密度和形状因子都不同的空心圆柱形金属橡胶材料做力与位移关系试验,并对试验数据进行拟合,得到了非线性本构关系模型中的各项系数值、材料的密度、材料的形状因子三者之间的变化关系式。由该关系式可知,当材料的密度和形状因子同时发生变化时,已知一种金属橡胶材料的密度和形状因子,就可预估该材料的各项系数值,从而就可预估金属橡胶材料在密度和形状因子同时发生变化情况下的非线性本构关系。最后从14种试件以外取2种金属橡胶试件进行算例验证,证明所采用的预估金属橡胶材料在密度和形状因子同时发生变化时的非线性本构关系的方法是合理的、有效的。