我国货币政策调控功能缘何日益弱化

货币政策具有重要的金融宏观调控功能,但以商业银行体系对中央银行的资金依赖为前提。当前我国商业银行体系流动性过剩,货币政策的金融宏观调控功能已大打折扣。流动性过剩是长期历史趋势,货币政策的金融宏观调控功能已处于从“强有力”向“无能为力”的转化过程之中。货币政策要有效发挥金融宏观调控功能,必须改善货币政策赖以发挥作用的经济环境。     

农村资金互助社可持续发展的内外协同治理机制——一个理论分析框架

目前,各类形式的互助社已逾万家,但大部分陷入了融资不畅、风险失控、效率低下等发展困境。从组织发展的视角来讲,一个组织要取得成功,良好的内部治理结构是根本保证,适宜的外部治理环境是必要条件,内外协同治理才是可持续发展之路。基于此,对困扰互助社可持续发展的融资障碍、风险控制、效率提升等关键问题,展开深入的理论分析。     

2010年我国房地产业的政策导向与发展趋势

房地产业是我国国民经济发展的支柱产业,确保房地产业健康稳定发展不仅有助于我国抵御经济危机,而且是预防通胀的重要措施.在我国经济复苏这段时期内,国家将对房地产市场进行结构优化,包括支持保障性住房的发展、遏制投机行为、科学测算用地指标、严格规范土地储备、打击"囤地"行为等,以达到房地产市场和谐稳定发展的目标.     

Investigation of national policy shifts to impact orbital debris environments

Low earth orbit has become increasingly congested as the satellite population has grown over the past few decades, making orbital debris a major concern for the operational stability of space assets. This congestion was highlighted by the collision of the Iridium 33 and Cosmos 2251 satellites in 2009. This paper addresses the current state of orbital debris regulation in the United States and asks what might be done through policy change to mitigate risks in the orbital debris environment. A brief discussion of the nature of orbital debris addresses the major contributing factors including size classes, locations of population concentrations, projected satellite populations, and current challenges presented in using post-mission active debris removal to mitigate orbital debris. An overview of the current orbital debris regulatory structure of the United States reveals the fragmented nature of having six regulating bodies providing varying levels of oversight to their markets. A closer look into the regulatory policy of these agencies shows that, while they all take direction from The U.S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices, this policy is a guideline with no real penalty for non-compliance. Various policy solutions to the orbital debris problem are presented, ranging from a business as usual approach to a consolidated regulation system which would encourage spacecraft operator compliance. The positive aspects of these options are presented as themes that would comprise an effective policy shift towards successful LEO conservation. Potential economic and physical limitations to this policy approach are also addressed.     

Overview of current capabilities and research and technology developments for planetary protection

The pace of scientific exploration of our solar system provides ever-increasing insights into potentially habitable environments, and associated concerns for their contamination by Earth organisms. Biological and organic-chemical contamination has been extensively considered by the COSPAR Panel on Planetary Protection (PPP) and has resulted in the internationally recognized regulations to which spacefaring nations adhere, and which have been in place for 40 years. The only successful Mars lander missions with system-level “sterilization” were the Viking landers in the 1970s. Since then different cleanliness requirements have been applied to spacecraft based on their destination, mission type, and scientific objectives. The Planetary Protection Subcommittee of the NASA Advisory Council has noted that a strategic Research & Technology Development (R&TD) roadmap would be very beneficial to encourage the timely availability of effective tools and methodologies to implement planetary protection requirements. New research avenues in planetary protection for ambitious future exploration missions can best be served by developing an over-arching program that integrates capability-driven developments with mission-driven implementation efforts. This paper analyzes the current status concerning microbial reduction and cleaning methods, recontamination control and bio-barriers, operational analysis methods, and addresses concepts for human exploration. Crosscutting research and support activities are discussed and a rationale for a Strategic Planetary Protection R&TD Roadmap is outlined. Such a roadmap for planetary protection provides a forum for strategic planning and will help to enable the next phases of solar system exploration.     

基于利益相关者保护视角的互联网金融监管研究

互联网金融的发展还处于起步阶段,现有文献更多地从互联网金融发展全局角度来研究其监管问题。鉴于互联网金融发展初期的不规范与脆弱性,认为互联网金融不仅仅需要监管,更要保护。基于利益相关者保护的新视角,从狭义互联网金融的三种模式,即P2P网贷、大数据金融以及众筹融资三种模式出发,分析三种模式的利益相关者及其风险传导模式,提出了互联网金融如何保护与监管并进的政策建议。     

European space research in support of international partnership

The envisaged future space research programmes, whether in the field of space exploration or Earth observation are becoming more and more technically complicated and so costly that a single nation can hardly afford to realize them. Major non-European space-faring nations, China and India will progressively play an important role besides US, Russia and Japan. The Space Advisory Group of the European Commission recommended that the European Commission supports within Horizon 2020 a comprehensive Robotic Mars-Exploration Programme under European leadership that should become an essential element of a coordinated international space research programme. The International Space Station (ISS) experience shows that cooperative space programmes build links between industries and laboratories from around the world, which then further develop in non-space related activities, with positive impact on the economy and scientific research. Strategies need to be developed to mitigate the gradual increasing risks incurred by climate change. In order to lower their entry barrier to engage in space emerging and developing space nations need to be included in cooperative space programmes. We present the recommendations of the Space Advisory Group of the European Commission concerning Europe's participation to global space endeavours.     

高校收费的定价模型与助学贷款有关问题的研究

本文论述了高校收费定价应充分考虑居民收入水平等诸多方面,国家应成为办学的主体。要解决贫困生上大学的学费及生活费问题,就必须抓紧建立全国性个人征信机构,成立国家助学贷款政策性银行。     

武汉城市圈建设中的产业政策选择——从产业集聚效应的角度分析

武汉城市圈虽然城市密集，基础较好，但是城市圈内各城市间没有形成良好的分工合作，产业低水平重复，资源配置效率低下。通过运用计量经济学工具，建立集聚经济的分析框架，测算武汉城市圈内各城市的产业集聚效应，来探讨武汉城市圈建设中的产业政策选择问题。通过分析我们发现，在武汉城市圈中，黄冈市、成宁市和天门市不适合优先发展工业．因此未来要增强自身经济集聚能力，加快经济发展速度，与武汉城市圈整体发展水平相协调；武汉市和仙桃市适合优先发展轻工业；黄石市、鄂州市、孝感市和潜江市适合优先发展重工业。     

The essential role of human spaceflight

The question is: should the United States and nations at large pursue a human spaceflight program (and if so, why)? I offer an unwavering positive answer to this question, and state the reasons for it while considering the broad challenges and benefits of (human) spaceflight. Space exploration is a human activity that is intrinsically forward-looking, and as such, has positive potential. Both national and international space programs can galvanize the population, inspire the youth, foster job-creation, and motivate the existing workforce. The nature of the enterprises involved—their scale, novelty, and complexity—requires a steady and continuous upward progression toward greater societal, scientific and technological development. That is, in order to overcome the challenges of human spaceflight, progress is required. More to the point, the survival of humanity depends on expanding beyond the confines of our planet. Human spaceflight, in short, presents us with an opportunity to significantly advance the nation and the global community.