The ‘Star Wars’ initiative: Problems and prospects

This article examines the long-term ‘Star Wars’ R&D programme initiated by President Reagan - the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). The nature of this initiative and the research programme that has been approved are described. There is still considerable uncertainty over where the SDI research will eventually lead - whether it be a limited BMD system designed to protect military targets or a comprehensive shield to protect the USA and its allies. The feasibility and potential implications of the SDI are examined with this caveat in mind.     

Towards a lunar base programme

When the requisite technology exists, the US political process will inevitably include lunar surface activities as a major space objective. This article examines a manned lunar base in terms of three distinct functions: the scientific investigation of the Moon and its environment; development of the capability to use lunar resources for beneficial purposes throughout the Earth-Moon systems; and conduct of R&D leading to a self-sufficient and self-supporting manned lunar base. Three scenarios are outlined with respect to each possible function.     

新型农村合作医疗制度中农民的参与范围——基于政策过程的视角

新型农村合作医疗制度是一项旨在改善中国农民医疗问题的社会政策。农民参与机制是新型农村合作医疗制度可持续发展的重要条件，参与范围是农民参与机制的基本要素之一。在新型农村合作医疗制度的运行过程中，农民具有广阔的参与空间，可以在政策制定、政策执行、政策评价和政策监督四个环节中充分发挥作用。     

我国货币政策效果弱化的因素探讨

从宏观经济层面、货币政策本身和金融体系内的微观因素分析了我国货币政策效果弱化的原因。指出金融抑制、外汇占款、货币政策传导机制不畅、中央银行缺乏独立性是弱化我国货币政策效果的主要因素。针对存在的问题,提出了加快疏通货币政策传导机制,改进和完善中央银行再贴现政策,大力发展债券市场,深化国有商业银行改革,注重资本市场和货币市场协调发展等对策建议。     

The decision to develop the Space Shuttle

Many of the problems that the Space Shuttle programme has had in meeting its goals of routine and cost-effective access to space can be traced to various characteristics of the decision to develop the Space Shuttle. That decision was made through a process of bureaucratic politics, with little attention given to future users of the Shuttle. The design chosen for development was a poor compromise between demanding Pentagon and NASA requirements and a limited budget.     

基于信任域策略优化的末制导控制量学习算法CSCD

近年来,深度强化学习在解决序列决策问题上取得了很大进展,无模型强化学习算法在与环境不断交互的过程中学习策略,不需要提前对环境建模,使其适用于许多问题。针对以往使用强化学习进行末制导策略学习的训练不稳定问题,使用信任域策略优化算法直接学习末制导控制量,同时设计了一种新颖的奖励函数,可以提高训练稳定性和算法性能。在二维环境下进行了实验,结果表明,该算法具有良好的训练稳定性,并可以达到很好的命中效果。     

What next for China in space after Shenzhou?

This article discusses China's ambitions in space now that it seems set to pursue human spaceflight. It suggests that, after sending its astronauts into space, completing orbital rendezvous-docking operations and placing a space lab in orbit, China will focus on the Moon with its Chang’e project. As an emerging space power, China will play a more active role in the international space community through collaboration in areas such as lunar exploration, science operations on the International Space Station, the Galileo Global Navigation Satellite System and the International Geosphere–Biosphere Program (IGBP). In particular, China will vigorously explore new opportunities to expand its cooperation with Russia and ESA to counteract Washington's attempt at containment. Meanwhile, Beijing will continue to follow its self-reliance principle to go its own way in space.     

软交换承载网络组网模式分析与研究

针对软交换网络中信令流、媒体流和维护流等业务流的交互需求,结合SOFTX3000软交换设备、UMG8900通用媒体网关设备和UA5000用户接入设备相关单板的工作原理,分析了采用二层组网模式的承载网络存在的弊端,提出了基于OSPF(Open Shortest Path First,开放式最短路径优先)协议的三层路由组网模式,并在某电话局软交换网络中得到应用。经分析,采用三层路由组网模式相比于二层组网模式具有更高的安全性和可靠性。     

论我国文化产业政策的实施机制

从近几年我国文化产业政策实践看，我国文化产业政策的绩效并不理想。绩效不理想的原因是多方面的，而未能形成有效的政策实施机制是其主要原因之一。从文化产业政策三要素之间的关系出发，探讨了文化产业政策的实施机制，提出了优化我国文化产业政策实施机制的对策思路：要取得好的产业政策绩效，除了提高文化产业政策本身的合理性、科学性外，关键是要处理好文化产业政策主体与主体、主体与客体以及它们与政策手段之间的关系， 形成合理的利益分享机制。     

我国通货紧缩现象的货币理论分析

运用货币理论分析我国当前通货紧缩的成因,认为应当从货币性无效分析以及货币政策紧缩效应两个方面分析通货紧缩的原因;并进一步分析了通货紧缩对我国金融的危害;最后从继续实行稳健的货币政策和疏通货币政策传导渠道,充分发挥货币政策的作用两个方面给出了应用货币政策应对通货紧缩的建议.