飞机空中使用环境谱的编制

 空中环境谱是飞机使用环境谱的重要组成部分。首先对影响飞机结构完整性的污染物元素浓度进行了空测,其次应用模糊聚类理论确定了空中环境谱的水平区域尺度大约为200 km,高度区域尺度大约为2 km,最后应用SPSS统计软件研究了污染物元素浓度随高度的分布规律,得到了统计意义上的预测模型,预测结果与实测结果有“较好”的一致性。     

城市交通污染及其管理对策

城市交通污染产生的根源在于城市交通的负外部效应。为实现对城市交通污染的有效治理,对治理城市交通污染的环境管理手段作了比较与创新,得出短期内应是管制手段与征收污染税结合使用,许可证交易可作为未来的管理手段的结论。     

复合材料在航天器中的应用近况

论述了先进复合材料在国外人造卫星，太空站，航天飞机等航天器中的应用近况，同时对它的应用环境及要求进行了介绍。     

驾驶舱设计的人因工程学应用综述

随着科技的进步,电子设备和系统的逐渐完善,人的因素在驾驶舱设计中占的比重越来越大。人因工程学已经开始应用于驾驶舱设计的诸多方面。本文阐述了人因工程学在驾驶舱设计中的发展,并介绍了其在驾驶舱布局分析、环境分析、信息传递及脑负荷分析、自动化及人机交互分析、机组人员疲劳及健康分析等方面中的应用,为以后相关研究提供参考。     

可视化系统建模语言及其在MIS开发中的应用

介绍了VSML(Visual System Modeling Language)的描述内容及其原语定义和行为描述,并对新完善的数据库信息处理功能进行了介绍;接着对完善后的VSML的体系结构及其功能进行了较详细的描述;然后以商业管理采购员订货系统模型作为实例,介绍了VSML的应用,最后对VSML及其进一步的研究工作进行了小结.     

用电磁力模拟空间微重力效应制备二元偏晶合金

提出了一种在地面利用电磁场与金属熔体的相互作用来模拟失重效应的方法。探讨了实现准失重环境的可能性,建立了准失重模拟装置。并成功地制备了均匀的Pb-Zn二元偏晶合金样品。实验结果表明,用此方法进行微重效应模拟可消除重力造成的斯托克斯(Stokes)沉积,制备的Pb-Zn二元偏晶合金中的弥散体(Pb)分布均匀,铅粒子的形状主要为微米量级的小球。与我们在我国返回式实验卫星上搭载的Pb-Zn合金样品相比较,其弥散体的分布状况无大的差异,只是前者弥散体尺寸略大于空间样品。然而,用该方法在准失重条件下制备的样品,无论在弥散体大小和均匀程度方面都与地面普通条件下(受重力影响)的样品有本质的区别。     

钇、钡、铜氧化物超导体在微重力条件下的热处理试验研究

论述利用我国返回式卫星,在其搭载的晶体加工炉中,首次完成的钇、钡、铜氧化物超导体样品的空间热处理试验。     

Preliminary results of space experiment: Implications for the effects of space radiation and microgravity on survival and mutation induction in human cells

In view of the concern for the health of astronauts that may one day journey to Mars or the Moon, we investigated the effect that space radiation and microgravity might have on DNA damage and repair. We sent frozen human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells to the International Space Station where they were maintained under frozen conditions during a 134-day mission (14 November 2008 to 28 March 2009) except for an incubation period of 8 days under 1G or μG conditions in a CO₂ incubator. The incubation period started after 100 days during which the cells had been exposed to 54 mSv of space radiation. The incubated cells were then refrozen, returned to Earth, and compared to ground control samples for the determination of the influence of microgravity on cell survival and mutation induction. The results for both varied from experiment to experiment, yielding a large SD, but the μG sample results differed significantly from the 1G sample results for each of 2 experiments, with the mean ratio of μG to 1G being 0.55 for the concentration of viable cells and 0.59 for the fraction of thymidine kinase deficient (TK⁻) mutants. Among the mutants, non-loss of zygosity events (point mutations) were less frequent (31%) after μG incubation than after 1G incubation, which might be explained by the influence of μG on cellular metabolic or physiological function. Additional experiments are needed to clarify the effect of μG interferes on DNA repair.     

雷达波束驻留模式下空间碎片数量的置信区间估计

碎片数量估计是空间碎片环境统计特征描述的重要内容之一,对于空间碎片环境模型验证、航天器碰撞风险分析以及碎片数量增长趋势预测有重要意义.针对波束指向正东、正南任意仰角的雷达波束驻留(Beam-park)模式(天顶指向是波束指向仰角为90°时的特例),给出了一种估计碎片数量置信区间的方法.对于给定轨道高度范围内一个具有穿越雷达波束可能性(即雷达散射截面足够大,且轨道倾角相对测站纬度足够大)的碎片,将其是否真正穿越波束这一随机事件用(0-1)分布来建模,根据所采集的轨道高度和倾角数据,计算出该轨道高度范围内碎片穿越波束的平均概率,进而采用中心极限定理来估计碎片数量的置信区间.仿真结果表明了方法的有效性.     

Study on impact energy absorption and adhesion of biomimetic buffer system for space robots

Space buffer landers offer the unique promise of ensuring that high-speed flying space robots steadily attach to the surface of the target spacecraft for repairs and rescues. A stable attachment and an easy detachment mechanism of the robot are required to enable space buffer landers to land smoothly on spacecraft in space environments. In this paper, we present an approach to fabricate a buffer lander with an elastic multi-leg configuration and adhesive feet with a microarray structure. We set up a theoretical model of a buffer lander with six elastic legs and adhesive feet. We analyze the influence of the initial position of the lander on the buffer kinetic energy absorption characteristics by theoretical modeling. Based on this model, we establish a discrete element multibody dynamics coupling simulation platform. Through the simulation, we analyze the factors influencing the buffer kinetic energy absorption characteristics and optimize the parameters of the buffer. We obtain the contact force of the adhesion feet and the torque of each joint of the buffer during the cushioning process with EDEM-ADAMS coupling simulations. Finally, we build a launching platform for the buffer collision test and simulate a high-temperature and high-vacuum space environment with a heating cage and a vacuum tank, respectively. Then, the effects of the high-temperature and high-vacuum environment on the kinetic energy absorption and adsorption characteristics of the buffer are analyzed.