Effect of ion dynamics on the evolution of electron phase-space holes

The evolution of two-dimensional (2D) electron phase-space holes (electron holes) has been previously investigated with electrostatic Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations, which neglect ion dynamics. The electron holes are found to be unstable to the transverse instability, and their evolution is determined by the combined action between the transverse instability and the stabilization by the background magnetic field. In this paper, the effect of ion dynamics on the evolution of an electron hole is studied. In weakly magnetized plasma (Ω_e < ω_pe, where Ω_e and ω_pe are electron gyrofrequency and plasma frequency, respectively), the electron hole is still unstable to the transverse instability. However, it evolves a little faster and is destroyed in a shorter time when ion dynamics is considered. In strongly magnetized plasma (Ω_e > ω_pe), the electron hole is broken due to the lower hybrid waves, and its evolution is much faster.     

气流速度振荡场中幂律液膜不稳定性分析

采用线性稳定性分析研究了处于气流速度振荡场中幂律液膜时间模式的不稳定性。振荡的气流速度导致动量方程为含有时间周期系数的希尔方程，采用Floquet理论进行求解。详细研究了不同振荡幅值和振荡频率下表观雷诺数、幂律指数及无量纲速度因子对各不稳定区间的影响。结果表明：振荡幅值的增加或振荡频率的减小会使液膜不稳定区域的个数增加，且Kelvin-Helmholtz（K-H）不稳定区域的最大增长率、主导波数和截止波数随振荡幅值和振荡频率的增加而增加；表观雷诺数、幂律指数和无量纲速度因子的增加增强了K-H不稳定区域内的不稳定性，使参数不稳定区域内的增长率先减小后增加；振荡幅值的变化不改变最大增长率发生转折时对应的流变参数，而当振荡频率较小时，幂律指数和无量纲速度因子的增加却使最大增长率单调增加。     

机翼跨声速抖振数值模拟及模态分析

绕机翼的跨声速抖振流动是典型的复杂不稳定流动，对其非定常特性及失稳机制的研究具有重要的工程和学术价值。通过非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes（URANS）仿真方法和动模态分解（DMD）分析手段，研究了CRM（Common Research Model）等典型机翼的跨声速抖振流动特性及其主要失稳模态。数值仿真结果表明机翼的跨声速抖振表现为多失稳模式下的宽频特性。除了激波的弦向失稳，还会伴随发生激波的展向失稳，它们都表现为低频特性。翼梢处的高频响应可能是由激波诱导的低频失稳与翼尖涡相互耦合形成。DMD分析结果显示机翼展长和后掠因素诱导了激波展向失稳模态。本研究对抖振流动的物理建模、控制及理解相关的气动弹性现象具有指导意义。     

Solar activity variations of equatorial spread F occurrence and sustenance during different seasons over Indian longitudes: Empirical model and causative mechanisms

A comprehensive analysis using nearly two decades of ionosonde data is carried out on the seasonal and solar cycle variations of Equatorial Spread F (ESF) irregularities over magnetic equatorial location Trivandrum (8.5°N, 77°E). The corresponding Rayleigh Taylor (RT) instability growth rates (γ) are also estimated. A seasonal pattern of ESF occurrence and the corresponding γ is established for low solar (LSA), medium solar (MSA) and high solar (HSA) activity periods. For LSA, it is seen that the γ maximizes during post sunset time with comparable magnitudes for autumnal equinox (AE), vernal equinox (VE) and winter solstice (WS), while for summer solstice (SS) it maximizes in the post-midnight period. Concurrent responses are seen in the ESF occurrence pattern. For MSA, γ maximizes during post-sunset for VE followed by WS and AE while SS maximises during post-midnight period. The ESF occurrence for MSA is highest for VE (80%), followed by AE (70%), WS (60%) and SS (50%). In case of HSA, maximum γ occurs for VE followed by AE, WS and SS. The concurrent ESF occurrence maximizes for VE and AE (90%), WS and SS at 70%.The solar cycle variation of γ is examined. γ shows a linear variation with F10.7?cm flux. Further, ESF percentage occurrence and duration show an exponential and linear variation respectively with γ. An empirical model on the solar activity dependence of ESF occurrence and sustenance time over Indian longitudes is arrived at using the database spanning two solar cycles for the first time.     

Recent advances in physical understanding and quantitative prediction of impinging-jet dynamics and atomization

Impinging-jet injectors are widely used in liquid propulsion applications, since their simple configuration provides reliable and efficient atomization. The flowfield involves a series of complicated spatio-temporal evolutions. Much effort has been directed toward understanding the underlying physics and developing quantitative predictions of impinging-jet atomization. This paper summarizes the recent advances in this direction, including state-of-the-art theoretical, experimental, and numerical studies, along with representative results. Finally, concluding remarks address remaining challenges and highlight modeling capabilities of high-fidelity simulations.     

腈纶/芳纶共混短纤维用量对柔性绝热层材料性能的影响

比较了腈纶短纤维增强EPDM／NBR共混橡胶（EN体系）、芳纶短纤维增强EPDM／NBR共混橡胶（EA体系）、腈纶／芳纶混杂短纤维增强EPDM／NBR共混橡胶（ENA体系）等3种体系中,短纤维用量对材料不同方向上力学性能的影响;EA和ENA两种不同体系中,短纤维用量对材料烧蚀性能和相对密度的影响。在短纤维用量为6份时,ENA体系的拉伸强度和伸长率比EA体系大,烧蚀性能比EA体系好,相对密度也比EA体系低。     

不同密度梯度的多层流体界面上的Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性研究

在气-液界面Richtmyer-Meshkov（R-M）不稳定性研究的基础上,利用不同流体间密度的差异,构造了空气-硅油-水、空气-酒精-硅油两种流体粘度方向迥异的气-液-液三相界面,实验中以氮气作为高压驱动气体,在不同激波马赫数下对这两种界面R-M不稳定性后期尖钉与气泡区发展进行了测量与统计,通过对实验数据的分析,得出了相关规律,并用这些规律与已有的单层气-液界面R-M不稳定性研究成果作比较,得出了异同点。同时,还研究了两种三相界面在R-M不稳定发展中的差异。实验结果表明：当流体的粘度梯度方向（从小到大的方向）与激波方向一致时,界面失稳更加明显,湍流混合更为显著。     

低温推进剂输送管绝热试验研究

用量热法分别测试了低温推进剂输送管聚氨酯发泡塑料绝热层和CC2冷凝真空绝热层的热导率。结果表明：聚氨酯发泡塑料具有一定的绝热效果，C02冷凝真空绝热层的绝热效果更好，但CO2冷凝真空绝热的工艺实施较难。工程上低温推进剂输送管可采用聚氨酯发泡塑料进行绝热。     

HCFC-141b 型聚氨酯泡沫塑料耐环境性能

对比分析经历模拟特定环境的环境交变试验、盐雾试验、加速老化试验和太阳辐射试验前后泡沫塑料的压缩强度、闭孔率、线胀系数和热导率等性能。结果表明,HCFC-141b型聚氨酯泡沫塑料经历环境老化后,压缩强度和热导率增加,线胀系数减小,闭孔率略有增加,热导率增加。太阳辐照试验对泡沫性能影响最大,试样SD-4压缩强度提高32%,闭孔率先增加后减少,线胀系数降低19%,热导率升高30%。     

BE120—2CA／3CA应变计的线／弹性应变范围

在材料实验机上,采用简单的拉伸方法确定了应变计的线/弹性应变范围.实验证明,用该方法确定的应变计的线/弹性应变范围完全能满足工程测试的需要.