K640合金TLP连接接头组织及力学性能

为考察瞬时液相(TLP)连接方法对钴基高温合金K640合金的适用性,采用非晶态中间层进行连接试验,观察接头区显微组织,测试接头的力学性能并进行断口分析。结果表明:瞬时液相连接能够实现K640合金的良好结合,接头组织致密,成分均匀,组织与成分均与母材接近;接头高温拉伸强度达到等条件下母材强度74%,断口具有明显的韧窝形貌;高温持久强度达到等条件下母材强度的70%以上。     

LD2合金中温钎焊接头组织与拉伸性能

采用制备的一种新型中温铝基钎料箔(熔点513~529℃),在530~550℃对LD2铝合金进行真空钎焊试验。测试钎焊接头的室温抗拉性能,采用扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱仪(DES)对钎焊接头组织和断口形貌进行观察分析。试验结果表明,制备的钎料可用于LD2铝合金的真空钎焊,在优化工艺规范下可获得致密的接头,焊后经热处理,钎焊接头平均室温抗拉强度可达300MPa,断口是以典型韧窝为特征的塑性断口。     

微量Ag对Al-Cu-Mg-Mn-Zr合金组织与耐热性能的影响

通过力学性能测试、金相显微镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜观察,研究微量Ag对Al-5.3Cu-0.8Mg-0.3Mn-0.15Zr合金薄板力学性能和显微组织的影响。结果表明,加入微量Ag后,提高合金的时效硬化能力,缩短峰时效时间。合金的室温抗拉强度和高温耐热性能得到提高,合金力学性能提高的原因在于析出一种更细小弥散的片状Ω相。未添加Ag的合金析出强化相为θ′相和少量S′相;添加Ag后,主要强化相为Ω相和少量θ′相。经固溶时效处理后,两种合金均发生完全再结晶。     

气流速度振荡场中幂律液膜不稳定性分析

采用线性稳定性分析研究了处于气流速度振荡场中幂律液膜时间模式的不稳定性。振荡的气流速度导致动量方程为含有时间周期系数的希尔方程，采用Floquet理论进行求解。详细研究了不同振荡幅值和振荡频率下表观雷诺数、幂律指数及无量纲速度因子对各不稳定区间的影响。结果表明：振荡幅值的增加或振荡频率的减小会使液膜不稳定区域的个数增加，且Kelvin-Helmholtz（K-H）不稳定区域的最大增长率、主导波数和截止波数随振荡幅值和振荡频率的增加而增加；表观雷诺数、幂律指数和无量纲速度因子的增加增强了K-H不稳定区域内的不稳定性，使参数不稳定区域内的增长率先减小后增加；振荡幅值的变化不改变最大增长率发生转折时对应的流变参数，而当振荡频率较小时，幂律指数和无量纲速度因子的增加却使最大增长率单调增加。     

机翼跨声速抖振数值模拟及模态分析

绕机翼的跨声速抖振流动是典型的复杂不稳定流动，对其非定常特性及失稳机制的研究具有重要的工程和学术价值。通过非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes（URANS）仿真方法和动模态分解（DMD）分析手段，研究了CRM（Common Research Model）等典型机翼的跨声速抖振流动特性及其主要失稳模态。数值仿真结果表明机翼的跨声速抖振表现为多失稳模式下的宽频特性。除了激波的弦向失稳，还会伴随发生激波的展向失稳，它们都表现为低频特性。翼梢处的高频响应可能是由激波诱导的低频失稳与翼尖涡相互耦合形成。DMD分析结果显示机翼展长和后掠因素诱导了激波展向失稳模态。本研究对抖振流动的物理建模、控制及理解相关的气动弹性现象具有指导意义。     

Solar activity variations of equatorial spread F occurrence and sustenance during different seasons over Indian longitudes: Empirical model and causative mechanisms

A comprehensive analysis using nearly two decades of ionosonde data is carried out on the seasonal and solar cycle variations of Equatorial Spread F (ESF) irregularities over magnetic equatorial location Trivandrum (8.5°N, 77°E). The corresponding Rayleigh Taylor (RT) instability growth rates (γ) are also estimated. A seasonal pattern of ESF occurrence and the corresponding γ is established for low solar (LSA), medium solar (MSA) and high solar (HSA) activity periods. For LSA, it is seen that the γ maximizes during post sunset time with comparable magnitudes for autumnal equinox (AE), vernal equinox (VE) and winter solstice (WS), while for summer solstice (SS) it maximizes in the post-midnight period. Concurrent responses are seen in the ESF occurrence pattern. For MSA, γ maximizes during post-sunset for VE followed by WS and AE while SS maximises during post-midnight period. The ESF occurrence for MSA is highest for VE (80%), followed by AE (70%), WS (60%) and SS (50%). In case of HSA, maximum γ occurs for VE followed by AE, WS and SS. The concurrent ESF occurrence maximizes for VE and AE (90%), WS and SS at 70%.The solar cycle variation of γ is examined. γ shows a linear variation with F10.7?cm flux. Further, ESF percentage occurrence and duration show an exponential and linear variation respectively with γ. An empirical model on the solar activity dependence of ESF occurrence and sustenance time over Indian longitudes is arrived at using the database spanning two solar cycles for the first time.     

Recent advances in physical understanding and quantitative prediction of impinging-jet dynamics and atomization

Impinging-jet injectors are widely used in liquid propulsion applications, since their simple configuration provides reliable and efficient atomization. The flowfield involves a series of complicated spatio-temporal evolutions. Much effort has been directed toward understanding the underlying physics and developing quantitative predictions of impinging-jet atomization. This paper summarizes the recent advances in this direction, including state-of-the-art theoretical, experimental, and numerical studies, along with representative results. Finally, concluding remarks address remaining challenges and highlight modeling capabilities of high-fidelity simulations.     

Influence of thermal inhibitor position and temperature on vortex-shedding-driven pressure oscillations

Vortex-acoustic coupling is one of the most important potential sources of combustion instability in solid rocket motors (SRMs). Based on the Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics (VKI) experimental motor, the influence of the thermal inhibitor position and temperature on vortex-shedding-driven pressure oscillations is numerically studied via the large eddy simulation (LES) method. The simulation results demonstrate that vortex shedding is a periodic process and its accurate frequency can be numerically obtained. Acoustic modes could be easily excited by vortex shedding. The vortex shedding frequency and second acoustic frequency dominate the pressure oscillation characteristics in the chamber. Thermal inhibitor position and gas temperature have little effect on vortex shedding frequency, but have great impact on pressure oscillation amplitude. Pressure amplitude is much higher when the thermal inhibitor locates at the acoustic velocity anti-nodes. The farther the thermal inhibitor is to the nozzle head, the more vortex energy would be dissipated by the turbulence. Therefore, the vortex shedding amplitude at the second acoustic velocity antinode near 3/4L (L is chamber length) is larger than those of others. Besides, the natural acoustic frequencies increase with the gas temperature. As the vortex shedding frequency departs from the natural acoustic frequency, the vortex-acoustic feedback loop is decoupled. Consequently, both the vortex shedding and acoustic amplitudes decrease rapidly.     

Effect of bent inlet pipe on the flow instability behavior of centrifugal compressors

Bent inlet pipes are often used in centrifugal compressors due to limited installation space, and an understanding of the effect on compressor stability is essential for safety and durability. This paper firstly investigates flow instability behaviors in two compressors, one with a straight inlet pipe and the other with an S-shaped bent pipe. In detail, it analyzes the resulting flow fields, instability evolution paths and surge boundaries. The results show that the S-shaped pipe obviously affects the flow field at high mass flow rates, while reverse flow mainly influences the flow field at low mass flow rates. Reverse flow first occurs at certain flow passages with a high pressure difference that is predominantly decided by the volute rather than the S-shaped bent pipe. In addition, centrifugal compressors can tolerate reverse flow to some extent so that surge would not occur immediately if reverse flow occurs unless the reverse flow region extends circumferentially and radially to a sufficiently large size. Since the S-shaped pipe is not dominant in the creation and extension of reverse flow, it does not exacerbate the stability of the central compressor to a great extent. Last but not least, the S-shaped pipe is noted to delay the occurrence of surge at 90% rotating speed, which suggests the possibility of improving compressor stability with bent inlet pipes. This result differs from the conventional understanding that inlet distortion usually deteriorates compressor stability and emphasizes the particularity of centrifugal compressors.     

跨声速压气机转子叶尖流场旋转不稳定现象的数值研究

对某跨声速压气机转子在不同工作流量下的叶尖非定常流场进行了数值研究.结果显示:大流量状态下,该转子叶尖流场几乎不发生振荡.此时,叶尖流场可以按定常流场进行分析;小流量状态下,叶尖泄漏涡大幅振荡,相邻叶片通道内的叶尖泄漏流之间也存在周期性相互干涉.其结果是在稳定状态时出现由于叶尖泄漏涡的振荡及其周向传播造成的"旋转不稳定"现象."旋转不稳定"流场结构主模态旋涡个数大约为40%的叶片通道个数;其周向尺度占据2~3个栅距.