平箔片楔形高度对气体止推箔片轴承特性影响

针对波箔型气体止推箔片轴承,建立了箔片结构二维薄板模型,并通过有限差分法和有限元法耦合求解可压缩气体Reynolds方程和气膜厚度方程,获得了给定轴承载荷条件下轴承气膜压力分布、气膜厚度分布、平箔片变形量和功率损耗等轴承特性.通过对比楔形高度分别为25,70,100,200,300μm时的轴承特性仿真结果研究了楔形高度对轴承性能的影响.结果表明:降低楔形高度使轴承气膜压力分布更均匀,并降低了平箔片的局部集中载荷.但楔形高度存在一个最佳值,使得达到相同轴承载荷所需的最小气膜厚度最大,并且轴承具有最小功率损耗,提高了轴承的工作效率.该结果为气体止推箔片轴承的结构设计提供的理论参考.      

Advances and trends in plastic forming technologies for welded tubes

With the implementation of environmental protection, sustainable development and conservation-oriented policies, components and parts of thin-walled welded tubes have gained increasing application in the aircraft and automotive industries because of their advantages: easily achieving forming and manufacturing process at low cost and in a short time. The current research on welded tube plastic forming is mainly concentrated on tube internal high-pressure forming, tube bending forming, and tube spinning forming. The focuses are on the material properties and characterization of welded tubes, finite element modeling for welded tube forming, and inhomogeneous deformation behavior and the mechanism and rules of deformation coordination in welded tube plastic forming. This paper summarizes the research progress in welded tube plastic forming from these aspects. Finally, with a focus on the urgent demand of the aviation, aerospace and automotive industries for high-strength and light-weight tubes, this paper discusses the development trends and challenges in the theory and technology of welded tube plastic forming in the future. Among them,laser tailor-welded technology will find application in the manufacture of high-strength steel tubes.Tube-end forming technology, such as tube flaring and flanging technology, will expand its application in welded tubes. Therefore, future studies will focus on the FE modeling regarding how to consider effects of welding on residual stresses, welding distortions and microstructure, the inhomogeneous deformation and coordination mechanism of the plastic forming process of tailor-welded tubes, and some end-forming processes of welded tubes, and more comprehensive research on the forming mechanism and limit of welded tubes.     

Machining of a film-cooling hole in a single-crystal superalloy by high-speed electrochemical discharge drilling

Single-crystal superalloys are typical advanced materials used for manufacturing aeroengine turbine blades. Their unique characteristics of high hardness and strength make them exceedingly difficult to machine. However, a key structure of a turbine blade, the film-cooling hole,needs to be machined in a single-crystal superalloy; such machining is challenging, especially considering the increasing levels of machining efficiency and quality demanded by the aeroengine industry. Tube electrode high-speed electrochemical discharge drilling(TSECDD), a hybrid technique of high-speed electrical discharge drilling and electrochemical machining, provides high machining efficiency and accuracy, as well as eliminating the recast layer. In this study, TSECDD is used to machine a film-cooling hole in a nickel-based single-crystal superalloy(DD6). The Taguchi methods of experiment are used to optimise the machining parameters. Experimental results show that TSECDD can effectively drill the film-cooling hole; the optimum parameters that give the best performance are as follows: pulse duration: 12 ls, pulse interval: 30 ls, peak current:6 A, and salt solution conductivity: 3 m S/cm. Finally, a hole is machined by TSECDD, and the results are compared with those obtained by electrical discharge machining. TSECDD is found to be promising for improving the surface quality and eliminating the recast layer.     

Cross-sectional deformation behavior of double-ridged rectangular tube with fillers in different stages of H-typed bending

The bent double-ridged rectangular tube (DRRT) with high forming quality is helpful to improve the microwave transmission accuracy. For reducing the cross-sectional deformation in the H-typed bending process, in addition to using rigid mandrel to support the inside of tube, ridge groove fillers are also added to restrict the deformation of ridge grooves. Because of the change of stress and strain state of bent tube in bending, rigid mandrel retracting and specially twice-springback stages, and the springback of fillers, the cross-sectional deformation of tube in each stage may be different. Therefore, based on the ABAQUS platform, the finite element models (FEM) for H-typed bending, mandrel retracting and twice-springback stages of H96 DRRT with fillers were established and validated. It is found that, for the height and width deformation of tube and spacing deformation of ridge grooves, retraction of mandrel can make the distribution of these deformations more uniform along the bending direction. The first springback can reduce these deformations significantly, which should be emphasized. But the second springback only increases them by less amount, which can be ignored. The smaller height deformation of ridge groove and filler can be neglected.     

整体弹性结构法及在叶片流固耦合分析中的应用

针对三维叶片时域流固耦合振动响应计算普遍耗时的问题,采用一种假设整体结构的模态位移,求解固体时域响应和实现高效网格变形,发展了一种3维时域流固耦合分析的整体弹性结构方法,并应用于压气机叶片0°和180°相位角的气动稳定性分析中。结果表明,所发展方法的计算结果与传统双向时域算法和文献的结果较为吻合,而计算效率相比于传统算法显著提升;在所分析的两个相位角下,叶片振动的气动阻尼均随流量减小先增大后降低,相比于0°相位角,180°下叶片的气动稳定性大幅提高,表明该方法能有效应用于叶片的工程流固耦合研究。     

基于瞬态液晶测量技术的收缩-扩张形孔

采用一种进行全表面测量的瞬态液晶测量技术测量了新型气膜孔(收缩-扩张形孔)的气膜冷却特性,研究了动量比对冷却效率和换热系数的影响,并与传统的圆柱形孔气膜冷却特性进行了对比,结果表明:收缩-扩张形孔中心线附近区域的冷却效率相对较低,而两孔之间区域的冷却效率相对较高,与圆形孔分布规律相反;在上游区域,两孔中间区域的换热系数比相对孔中心线附近区域较高,而在下游区域,两孔中间区域的换热系数比相对孔中心线附近又较低,与圆形孔相比也有较大不同。相对于圆柱形孔,收缩缝形孔的平均换热系数比在上游较高,在下游较低;收缩-扩张形孔喷出气膜对下游壁面区域的有效覆盖率远大于圆柱形孔,其展向平均冷却效率明显高于圆柱形孔;收缩-扩张形孔在动量比为2时的平均冷却效率最高。     

柔性扑翼非定常流场的数值计算方法

提出一种将Delaunay图映射网格变形技术和非结构嵌套网格方法结合使用的策略,解决网格变形和嵌套网格单独用于柔性扑翼流场计算时需要网格再生的问题。该方法为嵌套网格中的每个嵌于背景网格的贴体非结构网格生成Delaunay背景图;每个时间步,根据扑翼的运动和变形规律移动背景图,再根据网格点和背景图的映射关系移动网格点,之后自动完成嵌套边界的定义和插值关系的建立。为方便嵌套关系的建立,嵌套网格进行分层管理。也研究了一种内存消耗少、效率较高的搜索算法,以及格心格式和格点格式统一的边界拓宽算法。非定常可压缩Navier-Stokes方程在非结构的动态网格上用有限体积法离散,并用预处理的双时间步推进、隐式LU-SGS迭代求解。几个扑翼算例的结果表明,该方法充分利用了Delaunay图映射网格变形方法的高效率,同时也发挥了嵌套网格处理大幅运动的优势;用于既有整体大幅扑动又有局部小变形的柔性扑翼流场计算,可取得令人满意的精度和效率。     

考虑弯扭变形的叶片模型配准方法

叶片测量数据与其CAD模型的配准定位是叶片几何形状分析的关键步骤。针对涡轮叶片的弯扭变形对叶片模型配准定位的不利影响,提出一种考虑弯扭变形的叶片模型配准方法,以提高叶片模型配准的可靠性与鲁棒性。在迭代最近点算法的目标函数中引入预变换函数,建立考虑弯扭变形的叶片模型配准目标函数。对叶片模型做切片化处理,进行弯扭变形分析生成叶片弯扭变形曲线,使用叶片弯扭变形曲线指导叶片测量数据配准。使用仿真生成带弯扭变形的叶片数据与通过坐标测量机获取的叶片实测数据对配准方法进行了验证。结果表明,所讨论方法能提高模型配准的可靠性,避免弯扭变形可能导致的叶片模型配准失败。     

冲击-多斜孔复合冷却中冲击孔与多斜孔面积比对换热特性的影响研究

用数值计算的方法研究了冲击-多斜孔壁复合冷却方式的冷却特性,在保证当量开孔面积相同且压降相同的前提下,研究了冲击孔壁与多斜孔壁开孔面积比 变化对冷却特性的影响。研究发现,随着冲击孔与多斜孔开孔面积比减小,多斜孔壁气膜出流速度降低,气膜覆盖增强,冲击换热系数呈增大趋势,使得模型冷却效果增强;多斜孔壁热侧、冷侧与多斜孔孔内换热量随开孔面积比减小而减小,多斜孔内换热量在模型总体换热量中所占比例逐渐增加。     

基于有限元模拟的三维型材拉弯轨迹设计

针对三维型材拉弯,提出一种基于变形控制有限元模拟的轨迹设计方法。首先提取模具长度方向特征线并将其离散成诸多线段单元,这样毛料逐步包覆模具的过程就变成毛料包覆这些线段单元的过程。给定毛料依次包覆线段单元发生的变形,根据切线接触条件（拉弯成形过程中毛料离开模具的位置处两者相切）计算出每步毛料末端位移。将这些位移作为边界条件输入有限元模型中计算毛料应力、应变和回弹。根据成形极限图和规定最大回弹超差量来调整变形模式,找到优化的变形模式和拉弯轨迹。以中空矩形截面型材三维拉弯为例,给出了轨迹设计的详细流程。