基于离散小波变换的北方寒区年降水量多时间尺度特征分析

为深入剖析这种多层次时间尺度结构和局部化特征,本文以北方寒区典型城市哈尔滨市为例,运用小波理论,采用morlet小波函数对年降水量序列进行离散小波变换,进而分析其多时间尺度特性,揭示年降水量在不同时间尺度下的小波变换时频特征、丰枯交替变化的周期规律以及未来的发展趋势,为制定科学合理的用水制度提供一定的参考依据。研究结果表明:不同的时间尺度分辨率下,哈尔滨市年降水量序列会表现出不同的周期交替现象,主要存在3,16和28 a左右的周期。     

基于卫星云图的大区域云层预测方法

云层覆盖是影响对地观测卫星成像的一个重要问题,如果遥感图像中云层比例太高,或者特定目标不可见,则遥感图像就会失效。对地观测卫星能够根据云层预测信息,在多个观测目标之间进行选择。面向对地观测卫星任务规划的应用,设计了大区域范围的短期云层预测方法,首先通过光流法获取云运动矢量,然后依据云运动矢量外推获得预测的云层图像,同时引入拉普拉斯算子刻画云层运动过程中的扩散现象,利用风云二号卫星的真实云图序列数据,通过神经网络的反向传播算法优化扩散因子,以提升云层预测的效果。通过对结果进行分析,引入的拉普拉斯算子方法能够提高云层预测的精度,80%分位数的云层覆盖率误差约为11.7%,该精度的云层预测可以用于指导对地观测卫星任务规划。     

反舰导弹中/末制导交班点目标捕捉方法研究

为了提高对目标的捕捉概率,研究了反舰导弹中末制导交班点的选择问题。首先对中制导的散布概率区和目标的散布概率区建模,并得出反映中/末制导交班点捕捉概率大小的目标函数;在此基础上,利用遗传算法对该目标函数寻优,得出反舰导弹的最佳交班时刻和交班状态。全弹道数字仿真验证了该方法可有效地提高一类反舰导弹的捕捉概率。     

双三角翼飞机气动力工程计算研究

 双三角机翼比三角机翼气动布局具有更优越的升阻特性.飞机空气动力的工程计算是用数值方法寻求飞机最优设计方案的基础.采用基于面积比思想的半经验工程算法计算了双三角翼飞机的升力系数曲线斜率、零升阻力系数和诱导阻力因子.结果经风洞试验数据校验,精度完全能满足飞机方案设计要求.算法在某改型飞机方案设计中得到了成功的应用.     

夏热冬冷地区居住建筑节能设计分析

推动建筑向节能、绿色、智能化方向发展,是国际建筑界实践可持续发展理念的大趋势,也是中国经济社会发展面临的重要任务。我国居住建筑节能,从八十年代初起步,从全国总体情况看,节能标准在北方地区推行较早,近一两年来,我省尤其是南昌市的节能标准执行力度正在不断加大。本文通过对冬冷夏热地区一栋宿舍建筑实例进行节能设计分析,得出冬冷夏热地区"宿舍"建筑节能设计外维护结构的一般设计标准。     

Integration of high-fidelity model of forward variable area bypass injector into zero-dimensional variable cycle engine model

Forward Variable Area Bypass Injector (FVABI) is one of key components which contributes to modulate the cycle parameters of Variable Cycle Engine (VCE) under various operation conditions. The modeling method of zero-dimensional FVABI was reviewed and its deficiency was analyzed based on FVABI flow characteristic. In order to improve the accuracy of VCE performance simulation, the high-fidelity modeling method of FVABI was developed based on its working characteristics. Then it was coupled with the zero-dimensional VCE model and the multi-level VCE model was built. The results indicate that the geometric and aerodynamic parameters can affect the interaction between the two airflows and the zero-dimensional FVABI model is too simple to predict the component performance accurately, especially when the FVABI inner bypass is chocked. Based on the performance curves for single bypass mode and the regression model of multi-scale support vector regression for double bypass mode, the high-fidelity model can predict FVABI performance accurately and rapidly. The integration of high-fidelity FVABI model into zero-dimensional VCE model can be done by adjusting iterative variables and balance equations. The multi-level model has good convergence and it can predict VCE performance when the FVABI inner bypass is chocked.     

逆金字塔式安全着陆点选择方法

针对现有地外天体软着陆安全着陆点选择方法的不足,设计了逆金字塔式安全着陆点选择方法,结合着陆器的落点精度和自主避障及地形坡度适应能力,建立了基于平整点、安全着陆点、可靠避障点和标称着陆点的地形安全性分析与定量搜索模型,该模型呈四层逆金字塔结构,每一层搜索的结果作为下一层搜索的输入,从弱约束到强约束逐步收敛至100%地形安全着陆区,嫦娥五号探测器飞行结果表明该方法能够快速确定安全着陆区及标称着陆点,并有效指导着陆下降过程的标称航迹设计和轨道控制策略制定。     

外加剂对聚丙烯纤维增强混凝土的早期抗裂性影响

采用平板限制收缩试验法,研究了减水剂与膨胀剂及其复合技术对聚丙烯纤维增强高性能混凝土的早期抗裂性的影响.结果表明,聚丙烯纤维增强高性能混凝土的早期抗裂性大小顺序为:UEA-N混凝土膨胀剂与聚羧酸高效减水剂复合的纤维增强高性能混凝土＞AEA混凝土膨胀剂与聚羧酸高效减水剂复合的纤维增强高性能混凝土＞AEA混凝土膨胀剂与萘系减水剂复合的纤维增强高性能混凝土＞纤维增强高性能混凝土.因此,采用UEA-N混凝土膨胀剂与聚羧酸高效减水剂的复合外加剂技术和聚丙烯纤维增强技术是防止高性能混凝土发生塑性收缩开裂的比较理想的技术措施.     

Assessing ecohydrological factors variations and their relationships at different spatio-temporal scales in semiarid area,northwestern China

As a typical semiarid farming-pastoral ecotone sensitive to the environmennt, the Plain of West Liaohe Basin (WLBP) is currently experiencing drastic environmental changes. To identify how environmental change affect vegetation in the WLBP, we analysed spatiotemporal variation characteristics of Ecological environment factors based on monthly and annual air temperature (T), precipitation (P) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from 1982 to 2015. And the correlations between them were investigated by correlation analysis (Simple correlation, partial correlation and complex correlation) at temporal and spatial scale. The results showed that: (1) the vegetation growth of the WLBP showed ameliorated trend, with a change rate of 0.004/yr.; (2) P was more sensitive to NDVI than T; (3) and the influence of hydrothermal changes on vegetation growth was more significant than that of the change of single climate factors at time scales; (4) the effects of anthropogenic factors on vegetation change were 75.07% (1982–1993) and 98.08% (1994–2015), respectively. At the temp-special scales, P&T and land use type change (LUCC) were the main climatic and anthropogenic factors that affect vegetation changes, respectively.     

淮北地区水稻适宜发展规模的研究

准北地区水稻发展的主要制约因素是水资源，该地区水资源系统是江水北调大系统的一个有机部分，其水稻适宜规模取决于江水北调系统水资源的开发利用。根据输水线路或水资源特征将整个系统划分为１５个子系统，以水资源利用量最大，以及缺水造成的减产损失和提水费用之和最小作为水资源利用的两个目标，建立了模拟分析数学模型，提出了求解该模型的大系统分解一协调技术，给出了模拟模型的执行顺序和运行程序，研究了当前工程水平、泵站改造项目完成、通榆河工程完成和南水北调工程建成四种情况淮北水稻适宜发展规模。