基于等离子体磁壳的行星探测器制动机理研究

等离子体磁壳制动技术是一种新型的行星探测器制动手段，具有制动阻力可调、可靠性高、结构质量小等优势，具有潜在的应用前景。开展了等离子体磁壳制动产生方式与工作机理的数值仿真研究。首先，以火星探测器的制动为背景，将等离子体磁壳简化为圆柱构型，建立了等离子体磁壳宏观模型，得到了制动阻力、有效捕获面积和探测器速度随轨道高度的变化关系。随后以等离子体磁壳中离子、电子和次中性粒子之间的相互作用为研究对象，建立了等离子体磁壳微观模型，获得了等离子体粒子数密度和温度随时间变化的规律。微观模型与宏观模型计算出的制动阻力一致，验证了两种模型的有效性。     

基于数字孪生的航天电推进器优化设计方法

针对以引力波探测为代表的空间科学任务和以“国网星座计划”为代表的商用卫星网络任务对推进器的特殊需求，本文提出了一种基于数字孪生的推进器优化设计方法。该方法首先建立由机理模型模块和测试数据集模块组成的数字孪生体。机理模型模块依据推进器的物理过程建立模型，对难以测量的数据进行仿真模拟；测试数据集模块通过实验对推进器进行测试，依靠测试数据建立可测参数的数学模型。将数字孪生体与实验进行对比，通过对比结果反馈调节机理模块从而不断提高孪生体的准确性，最终为优化设计提供依据。结果表明：(1)该方法能够构建微波离子推进器的数字孪生体；(2)该数字孪生体的预测结果存在一定差异，通过分析发现该差异与机理模型的精细度以及测试数据集的数据量有关。     

Development and coupling test of active spacecraft potential control – Next generation (ASPOC-NG)

The active spacecraft potential control (ASPOC) system developed in the 1990s emits positive ions to neutralise the spacecraft potential, such as used in several missions like Geotail, Equator-S, Cluster, Doublestar and MMS. With the experience gained, the next generation of the active spacecraft potential control (ASPOC-NG) instrument has been developed over the last three years. Thereby, three emission technologies were tested including Liquid Metal Ion Source (LMIS), Liquid Metal Electron Source (LMES) and Solid Metal Electron Source (SMES). The development of the emitter module by FOTEC and the corresponding electronics control unit by IWF is presented. Optimisations were carried out with the focus on the reduction of mass and power consumption to comply with the requirements of future scientific missions. Coupling tests of the modules and the electronics control unit were performed including range, accuracy and lifetime tests. Both ASPOC-NG instruments for positive and negative charge compensation and their performance values show excellent results.     

Plasma transport simulation under different conditions and optimization analysis of dual-stage grid ion thruster

In order to study the extraction and acceleration mechanism of the dual-stage grid, a three-dimensional model based on the Particle-In-Cell/Monte Carlo Collision(PIC/MCC) method is performed. Dual-stage grid ion thruster is a new type of electrostatic ion thruster, which can break through the limitations of traditional gridded ion thrusters, and greatly improve the specific impulse. The high performance also makes the grid sensitive to operating parameters. In this paper,the influence of grid pa...     

基于PIC-DSMC算法的嵌套霍尔推进器仿真性能研究

随着航天技术的发展，新型嵌套式霍尔推进器解决了传统单通道霍尔推进器功率不高和运行模式单一的问题，在航天领域发挥着愈加重要的作用。为了研究质量流量和磁场强度对嵌套型霍尔推进器性能的影响，本文采用PIC-DSMC算法，追踪和模拟等离子体粒子在电磁场作用下的运动和碰撞过程，对羽流场进行仿真。模拟结果表明:质量流量和磁场强度对推力贡献成正相关，推进器的比冲和羽流发散角则会受到双通道的综合影响。适当增大内通道的运行功率能够提升推进器整体效率。本文的模拟结果初步证明了嵌套霍尔推进器运行工况和磁场设计的可行性，并进一步为推进器的实验和优化提供了数据支持。     

低功率霍尔推力器束流发散和推力矢量偏心特性研究

为了准确掌握不同工况下混合励磁模式低功率霍尔推力器束流发散和推力矢量偏心特性，凭借自主设计和改进的一套快速评估霍尔推力器束流发散角和推力矢量偏角原位集成诊断装置，系统研究了推力器在不同阳极质量流率、磁场、电场下束流分布和推力矢量偏心特性的变化规律。结果表明，束流发散角随阳极质量流率（0.65mg/s~0.95mg/s）和磁场强度（112Gs~142Gs）的变化呈现负相关的特性。当阳极质量流率0.95mg/s，束流发散角降到29.1°（＜30°）。推力矢量偏角随阳极质量流率和磁场强度的变化分别存在极大值（1.19°）和极小值（0.91°）。束流发散角、推力矢量偏角在250V~330V放电电压范围内基本保持不变。     

An atmosphere-breathing propulsion system using inductively coupled plasma source

CubeSats have attracted more research interest recently due to their lower cost and shorter production time. A promising technology for CubeSat application is atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion, which can capture the atmospheric particles as propulsion propellant to maintain long-term mission at very low Earth orbit. This paper designs an atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion system for a 3 U CubeSat, which consists of an intake device and an electric thruster based on the inductively coupled plasma. The capture performance of intake device is optimized considering both particles capture efficiency and compression ratio. The plasma source is also analyzed by experiment and simulation. Then, the thrust performance is also estimated when taking into account the intake performance. The results show that it is feasible to use atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion technology for CubeSats to compensate for aerodynamic drag at lower Earth orbit.     

核聚变空间推进器的初步需求分析

参考一种简化的、解析近似的计算模型，以地球到火星的对接任务和往返任务为例，对核聚变等离子体推进器性能关键参数如推进系统质量、比冲、任务时间、有效载荷份额及比功率等进行分析，得出了任务时间和有效载荷质量份额与聚变堆芯输出功率、推进器结构质量和比冲的依赖关系。在此基础上，结合核聚变地面商业堆的相关进展，对现有的技术做合理适当外推，理论计算表明:飞行任务能够在1~2个月内达到目的星球同时可携带超过10%的有效载荷份额，并提出了未来核聚变空间推进器的初步参数方案和设计构想，总体上能够为未来核聚变空间推进技术的发展提供一定的参考。      

Shocks and instabilities in the partially ionised solar atmosphere

The low solar atmosphere is composed of mostly neutral particles, but the importance of the magnetic field for understanding observed dynamics means that interactions between charged and neutral particles play a very important role in controlling the macroscopic fluid motions. As the exchange of momentum between fluids, essential for the neutral fluid to effectively feel the Lorentz force, is through collisional interactions, the relative timescale of these interactions to the dynamic timescale determines whether a single-fluid model or, when the dynamic frequency is higher, the more detailed two-fluid model is the more appropriate. However, as many MHD phenomena fundamentally contain multi-time-scale processes, even large-scale, long-timescale motions can have an important physical contribution from two-fluid processes. In this review we will focus on two-fluid models, looking in detail at two areas where the multi-time-scale nature of the solar atmosphere means that two-fluid physics can easily develop: shock-waves and instabilities. We then connect these ideas to observations attempting to diagnose two-fluid behaviour in the solar atmosphere, suggesting some ways forward to bring observations and simulations closer together.     

Design and experimental research of a sub-Newton N2O monopropellant thruster with inner-heater

Nitrous oxide（N₂O） is a green propellant with excellent application prospects. A subNewton N₂O monopropellant thruster with inner-heater and a N₂O self-pressurization stable supply system with regenerative heat compensation are designed in this paper. The experimental research of the thruster is described, including measurements of preheating power, activation temperature, vacuum thrust, specific impulse, life-span and pulsed operation performance. By inserting t...