基于非线性未知输入观测器的航天器故障诊断

针对一类满足Lipschitz条件的非线性系统,设计了一组非线性未知输入观测器,并依据故障解耦的思想,产生结构化的残差集,实现非线性系统执行器的故障隔离。研究考虑了未知扰动对非线性系统的影响,并利用Lyapunov理论证明了所设计观测器的稳定性。最后,以三轴稳定卫星的姿态控制系统为对象,仿真验证了所提方法对各种典型执行器故障诊断的有效性。     

A longitudinal & longitudinal-torsional vibration actuator for rotary-percussive ultrasonic planetary drills

Ultrasonic drills, which can sample rocks using a lower weight on bit and lower power, are more suitable for sampling on a minor planet than conventional drills. To remove cutting chips and improve drilling efficiency, rotary-percussive ultrasonic drills (RPUD) drive drill tools for rotary-percussive motion. This paper proposes a novel longitudinal & longitudinal-torsional (L-LT) actuator, which is composed of a stepped horn, a piezoelectric stack, and a longitudinal-torsional (LT) coupler, for the RPUD. The horn magnifies the longitudinal vibration on the front surface of the piezoelectric stack, which is clamped between the horn and the LT coupler, and impacts the drill tool. The LT coupler transforms the longitudinal vibration on the back surface into longitudinal-torsional vibration, which generates elliptical movements that drive the rotor to rotate. Then, the rotor drives the drill tool to rotate. A method of adjusting the displacement amplitudes of the horn and the driving tips is discussed. The prototype achieved a maximum speed and torque of 193?r/min and 0.065?N$·$m, respectively. The maximum drilling speed through sandstone under a weight on bit of 5?N was 13?mm/min.     

基于误差空间的航天器姿态反步容错控制

提出了一种基于误差空间的航天器姿态反步容错控制方法,以反作用飞轮作为航天器的执行器,在考虑反作用飞轮存在安装偏差及故障的情况下,仍可保证航天器姿态的稳定性。首先,基于Lyapunov稳定性原理,根据系统机械能变化构造了具有普遍性的Lyapunov方程。通过反步递推方法,得到了适用于航天器存在执行器偏差及故障情况的普遍性的容错控制方法;然后,通过误差空间拓扑所得的误差函数描述了势能误差。从几何层面上看,这是描述势能误差的最短路径选择,从而得到了基于误差空间的反步容错控制方法。因此,在对航天器进行姿态控制时,该方法可以迅速调整增益,使得系统姿态误差迅速收敛至零,从而有效减少系统响应时间;最终,通过对考虑执行器偏差及故障情况的航天器姿态控制系统使用不同的控制方法进行数值仿真,验证了该方法能够在执行器故障情况下依然保持系统姿态的稳定,且具备良好的响应速度。     

双余度电静液作动器力均衡控制

随着多电飞机技术的发展,电静液作动器(EHA)被更多地用于机载作动系统。双余度电静液作动器(DREHA)更易于实现余度控制,推进EHA在飞机上的应用。本文给出了一种新型DREHA的结构组成,并对其工作原理和固有的力纷争现象进行了分析。理想情况下,通过流量补偿进行修正,力纷争会消失。由于实际系统的参数不可能与仿真模型完全一致,通过人为引入两通道参数误差,复现实际的力纷争。针对上述力纷争现象,基于两通道左右腔压差提出了差值力补偿力均衡控制策略和交叉耦合力均衡控制策略,以减小力纷争。MATLAB和AMESim联合仿真结果表明,本文所设计的力均衡控制器能大大减小力纷争峰值,同时提高系统的响应速度。     

空间大载荷石蜡驱动器研制

石蜡驱动器是当前空间非火工驱动器技术领域的研究热点,现有的空间石蜡驱动器主要采用弹性鞘挤压原理,具有摩擦力大、驱动力小等问题。本文针对这些问题,发展了活塞式空间大载荷石蜡驱动器,该驱动器通过活塞结构有效增大了石蜡液压对驱动杆的作用面积,大幅提高了驱动力;通过双层密封设计和复位弹簧设计,确保了驱动器的密封及复位性能。为了验证该方案,完成了原理样机的制造,开展了摩擦力测试、功能测试、寿命测试等试验。结果表明,采用载荷范围为85~165 N的复位弹簧能推动活塞克服系统摩擦力进行复位,保证了驱动器的自动复位功能;在额定功率40 W(额定电压12 V)下,驱动器的输出位移为6.9 mm,响应时间为20 min,驱动力超过300 N。寿命试验表明,该驱动器寿命超过100次,多次输出位移稳定性好(7 mm左右波动);驱动器密封性能优秀,经历100次作动后,未发现石蜡泄漏。     

Experimental study of an anti-icing method over an airfoil based on pulsed dielectric barrier discharge plasma

Aircraft icing has long been a plague to aviation for its serious threat to flight safety. Even though lots of methods for anti-icing have been in use or studied for quite a long time, new methods are still in great demand for both civil and military aircraft. The current study in this paper uses widely used Dielectric Barrier Discharge(DBD) plasma actuation to anti-ice on a NACA0012 airfoil model with a chord length of 53.5 cm in a closed-circuit icing wind tunnel. An actuator was installed at the leading edge of the airfoil model, and actuated by a pulsed low-temperature plasma power source. The actuator has two types of layout, a striped electrode layout and a meshy electrode layout.The ice accretion process or anti-icing process was recorded by a CCD camera and an infrared camera. Instantaneous pictures and infrared contours show that both types of DBD plasma actuators have the ability for anti-ice under a freestream velocity of 90 m/s, a static temperature of -7℃,an Median Volume droplet Diameter(MVD) of 20 lm, and an Liquid Water Content(LWC) of 0.5 g/m~3. The detected variations of temperatures with time at specific locations reveal that the temperatures oscillate for some time after spraying at first, and then tend to be nearly constant values.This shows that the key point of the anti-icing mechanism with DBD plasma actuation is to achieve a thermal equilibrium on the model surface. Besides, the power consumption in the anti-icing process was estimated in this paper by Lissajous figures measured by an oscilloscope, and it is lower than those of existing anti-icing methods. The experimental results presented in this paper indicate that the DBD plasma anti-icing method is a promising technique in the future.     

直线驱动电静液作动器的匹配设计规则

电静液作动器（EHA）是一种高度集成的泵控传动系统,A380和F35等机型已经利用EHA驱动主飞控舵面。但传统的以旋转电机和柱塞泵构成的EHA面临低频响的问题,以一种具有良好动态特性的新原理直线驱动电静液作动器（LEHA）为对象,研究其参数匹配设计问题。LEHA的关键特征在于新型的直线协同配流泵,以及采用直线电机直接驱动泵的吸排油和配流组件。首先,从静态指标匹配性上考虑LEHA的参数设计规则,得到最大空载速度约束条件、最大静态输出力约束条件、系统最高压力约束条件;然后,根据系统模型分析系统各参数对频宽的影响,得到LEHA的动态性能匹配设计规则,具体是指LEHA频宽指标对直线电机振荡频率的约束条件;最后,分析LEHA的功率约束条件,给出了LEHA对惯性负载、弹性负载和黏性阻尼负载在输出力-速度坐标下的功率包络条件,得到LEHA的负载匹配设计约束。LEHA参数设计的6项匹配设计约束条件能够为LEHA的设计过程提供理论依据。      

主动侧杆引导下的Ⅱ型驾驶员诱发振荡抑制

现代飞机采用放宽静稳定性构型和侧杆控制器操纵,使得舵面速率饱和引起的驾驶员诱发振荡（PIO）成为影响飞行品质的一个重要因素。针对舵面速率饱和引起的Ⅱ型PIO问题,设计了主动侧杆人感系统,其弹性系数随着舵面偏转速率饱和的发生而改变,从而达到抑制速率饱和的作用。基于主动侧杆引导下的人机闭环系统模型,仿真分析和飞行品质评价验证表明,基于系统误差在线调整人感系统弹性系数,能够降低舵机速率饱和的程度,改善飞行品质,有效抑制舵机速率饱和引起的Ⅱ型PIO。