基于任务弧段的测控通信任务可靠性建模方法

基于对任务的弧段划分,建立了测控通信任务的可靠性模型.根据任务执行时序图,参与任务的测控通信资源及任务成败标准,将测控通信任务划分为不同的任务弧段,定义了正常任务弧段和空闲任务弧段,基于Markov过程,提出了正常任务弧段和空闲任务弧段的可靠性建模方法.提出了在考虑测控通信资源的开机准备时间和停机时间的情况下的可靠性建模方法,对测控通信任务重新划分任务弧段,各任务弧段依据相应方法单独建立模型,依次求解各模型可得整个任务的可靠性.最后以具体的测控通信任务为例,计算并分析了不考虑资源开机准备时间和停机时间、仅考虑资源开机准备时间、仅考虑资源停机时间以及考虑资源开机准备时间和停机时间的任务可靠性,验证了模型的正确性.      

基于GasTurb/MATLAB的航空发动机部件级模型研究

基于航空发动机总体性能分析软件GasTurb及其源代码,利用动态链接库技术实现在控制系统开发平台MATLAB下直接调用GasTurb部件级动态模型,并在Simulink下建立了包含涡喷、涡扇、涡轴、涡桨在内的22种发动机类型的部件级模型库,实现了两者之间的无缝衔接.应用实例与仿真结果验证了所建模型的有效性与高度可定制性.消除了从总体性能分析阶段过渡到控制系统开发阶段存在的交互障碍,为发动机控制和故障诊断研究提供了一种灵活的仿真平台.      

平流层飞艇环境适应性评价模型

阐述了平流层特别是20km高度左右平流层的环境特点,分析了各种环境因素对长期在此空域中驻留飞行的平流层飞艇性能的影响,在此基础上,建立了平流层飞艇环境适应性评价指标体系。并针对其各评价指标的物理意义不同且数量级相差较大的特点提出了基于物理规划和层次分析法相结合的综合评价模型。算例和分析结论表明:抗风速度余量和产生消耗能量比在平流层飞艇对其飞行环境的适应能力评价中占有重要比重,应成为飞艇总体方案设计和论证时的重点关注指标。     

槽道湍流的法向与展向电磁力壁面减阻

法向与展向电磁力可以有效调制湍流近壁流动及减少壁面摩擦阻力.为进一步揭示该方法的减阻机理,利用Fourier-Chebyshev谱方法,通过直接数值模拟(DNS),对槽道湍流的法向与展向电磁力控制和减阻问题进行了研究.结果表明,对于确定的流向波长λx+,存在最佳的电磁力强度St,使阻力降最大,最佳St与λx+成反比.法向与展向电磁力对湍流的控制过程实质上是一种由电磁力诱导的调制波对壁湍流的调制过程.在优化参数控制下,当法向与展向电磁力诱导的流场被用来调制固有的近壁湍流流场时,固有流场和诱导流场同时受到调制.在这种调制波作用下,调制流场逐渐主宰壁面边界层,这导致了壁面阻力的下降,平均减阻率最高可达8％.     

高效隔热材料结构与性能研究

以陶瓷隔热瓦和纳米隔热材料为研究对象,揭示了高效隔热材料结构与性能的关系.研究结果表明:随着密度的增加,隔热材料室温热导率和力学性能随之增加;陶瓷隔热瓦平面方向和厚度方向的结构和性能存在明显差异;复合纳米结构后,材料的隔热性能明显提高;室温热导率从43 mW/(m·K)降低至36 mW/(m·K);添加少量功能添加物后,材料的高温隔热性能进一步提高,高温考核中背面温度从668℃降低到576℃.同时介电常数从2.2％增加到6.6％;通过气相超临界工艺在材料表面接枝有机基团,材料表面疏水状态发生显著变化,材料具备了防水和低吸潮的特性.     

飞翼布局无人机进排气效应风洞试验研究

飞机进排气会对全机气动性能产生明显的影响.采用引射式动力模拟器对飞翼布局无人机开展进排气效应模拟,分析进排气对全机气动特性的影响.试验结果表明:进排气对飞翼布局升力影响不明显,对阻力影响量比较大,可使全机最大升阻比降低1～4左右,而喷流能使全机最大升阻比下降1～1.8左右,进排气效应使得全机俯仰力矩增加,但纵向静安定度基本不变;进排气对全机横航向特性影响不大,对襟翼效率影响也甚微.可作为飞翼无人机气动布局设计的参考.     

Influence of fuel injection position and equivalent mixture ratio on chemical non-equilibrium effects of single expansion ramp nozzle

Chemical non-equilibrium flow was investigated for the scramjet single expansion ramp nozzle(SERN) with a strut-based liquid-kerosene-fueled combustor.Two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations were solved with the species conservation equation for continuous phase and the renormalization group(RNG) k-ε turbulence model.Lagrangian discrete-phase model was analyzed for liquid-kerosene droplets behavior in the supersonic stream.Combustion was simulated by kerosene surrogate fuel's 10-species and 13-step reduced reaction kinetics mechanism with use of Arrhenius's laminar finite rate model.Parametric studies were carried out to estimate the influence of different fuel injection positions and equivalent mixture ratios on the SERN chemical non-equilibrium effects.Numerical calculation results show that the strut-based combustor enables convenient modeling of various SERN entry conditions,which is similar with many preceding investigations,by changing the injector strut position and controlling the mass flow rate of each injector.Chemical non-equilibrium effects function in the whole SERN,especially in the initial flow expansion region,leads to obviously higher SERN performance of the non-equilibrium flow than that of the frozen flow.Furthermore,the distributed fuel injection pattern plays a significant role in enhancing the combustion efficiency in combustor,but weakening the chemical non-equilibrium effects funciton in SERN.Additionally,while the equivalent mixture ratio increases,the SERN thrust coefficient and lift coefficient rise gradually,and the increment of non-equilibrium flow in relation to frozen flow becomes higher as well.To be specific,the equivalent mixture ratio is 0.6,the maximum increment of thrust coefficient and lift coefficient are 11.6% and 25% respectively.      

An extrapolation approach for aeroengine’s transient control law design

Transient control law ensures that the aeroengine transits to the command operating state rapidly and reliably. Most of the existing approaches for transient control law design have complicated principle and arithmetic. As a result, those approaches are not convenient for application. This paper proposes an extrapolation approach based on the set-point parameters to construct the transient control law, which has a good practicability. In this approach, the transient main fuel control law for acceleration and deceleration process is designed based on the main fuel flow on steady operating state. In order to analyze the designing feature of the extrapolation approach, the simulation results of several different transient control laws designed by the same approach are compared together. The analysis indicates that the aeroengine has a good performance in the transient process and the designing feature of the extrapolation approach conforms to the elements of the turbofan aeroengine.     

航空发动机用M210石墨材料耐湿热老化性能研究

为适应海洋环境高温、高湿的气候条件,对航空发动机用高性能抗氧化石墨材料M210,选取不浸渍不浸油、浸渍不浸油、浸渍后浸油3种不同处理方式的试样进行湿热老化试验,对比研究湿热环境对不同处理方式的M210石墨材料在外观形貌、抗压强度和抗折强度等方面的影响.研究表明：M210石墨材料表现出良好的抗湿热老化性能,浸渍处理可以增强M210石墨材料在湿热环境下的抗压强度,且不受浸油的影响.3种处理方式的试样在湿热环境下均表现出优异的抗折性能.     

大型客机设计中的需求管理

介绍了需求开发和需求管理的基本概念,说明了需求捕获、需求分析、需求定义、需求确认以及需求管理的具体内容。结合大型客机的设计研制特点,阐述了在大型客机设计中开展需求管理工作的重要作用与意义,重点介绍大型客机需求管理流程定义、需求管理策略、需求确认与验证等内容。实践证明,在大型客机设计中实施需求管理工作、实现需求的规范化与精细化管理,可有效提高需求的正确性、完整性和协调性,并确保设计结果与需求之间的一致性,促进大型客机的研制、市场和商业成功。