日本JEM舱空间碎片防护结构设计综述

综述目前国际空间站上日本试验舱有关微流星体及空间碎片的防护技术以及发展趋势,着重探讨防护结构的研究成果,为在轨防护技术提供技术参考。     

挠性结构的分力合成主动振动抑制方法研究

针对当代航天器的大挠性特点和挠性附件的振动常影响航天器的姿态控制精度和指向精度的问题，全面分析了一种挠性结构的主动振动抑制方法－分力合成方法。分力合成方法的具体应用以若干个定理的形式加以总结。为了提高方法在工程实践中应用的可行性，又提出了改善方法对参数变动鲁棒性的定理并得到了严格的数学证明。数值仿真和地面试验进一步验证了该方法的有效性和简便性。     

SAA drift: Experimental results

According to the paleomagnetic analysis there are variations of Earth’s magnetic field connected with magnetic moment changing. These variations affect on the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) location. Indeed different observations approved the existence of the SAA westward drift rate (0.1–1.0 deg/year) and northward drift rate (approximately 0.1 deg/year).     

加速度作用下环路热管工作特性实验

针对单储液器环路热管在过载加速度作用下可能出现的温度波动甚至无法运行的问题,基于恒加速度离心机系统,建立了双储液器环路热管(DCCLHP)工作特性实验台,实验研究了双储液器环路热管在重力场稳定运行后再施加过载加速度时的工作特性,分析了不同加热功率、不同加速度大小和方向对其运行性能的影响.结果表明,双储液器环路热管在加速度为7g时仍可达到稳定工作状态,加速度作用导致其稳定运行温度低于地面重力场的温度,且随加热功率和加速度不同,运行温度降低程度不同;加速度方向沿储液器2指向储液器1时其达到稳定状态所需时间比其反方向时更短.实验还观察到了加速度作用下冷凝器出口和液体管线出口温度波动现象.      

Construction of Crack Perturbation Model and Forward Semi-analytical Model of Attached Eddy Current Sensor

Fatigue damage monitoring is critical metallic structure health monitoring of aircraft.The sensor should be high sensitive,easy to be integrated into structure and well adaptable for poor working conditions.Therefore,an attached eddy current sensor with flexible plane is put forward and its characteristics are analyzed.By extracting material′s conductivity as the crack features,forward semi-analytical model is established and parameter optimizations are carried out.Crack perturbation model of attached eddy current sensor is constructed,and perturbation voltages of sensing channels under three-dimension structural crack are obtained.To verify the sensor′s performance,monitoring experiment on crack extension is conducted under condition of 3 MHz frequency.The validation experimental results show that perturbation model of 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy agrees well with experiment results,and perturbation model errors of four sensing channels are within 25%.The attached eddy current sensor is capable of testing the crack nondestructively and measuring the crack extension quantitatively with the accuracy of 1mm.     

Transition prediction and sensitivity analysis for a natural laminar flow wing glove flight experiment

Natural laminar flow technology can significantly reduce aircraft aerodynamic drag and has excellent technical appeal for transport aircraft development with high aerodynamic efficiency. Accurately and efficiently predicting the laminar-to-turbulent transition and revealing the maintenance mechanism of laminar flow in a transport aircraft’s flight environment are significant for developing natural laminar flow wings. In this research, we carry out natural laminar flow flight experiments with different Reynolds numbers and angles of attack. The critical N-factor is calibrated as 9.0 using flight experimental data and linear stability theory from a statistical perspective, which makes sure that the relative error of transition location is within 5%. We then implement a simplified e^N transition prediction method with a similar accuracy compared with linear stability theory. We compute the sensitivity information for the simplified e^N method with an adjoint-based method, using the automatic differentiation technique (ADjoint). The impact of Reynolds numbers and pressure distributions on TS waves is analyzed using the sensitivity information. Through the sensitivity analysis, we find that: favorable pressure gradients not only suppress the development of TS waves but also decrease their sensitivity to Reynolds numbers; there exist three special regions which are very sensitive to the pressure distribution, and the sensitivity decreases as the local favorable pressure gradient increases. The proposed sensitivity analysis method enables robust natural laminar flow wings design.     

基于试验设计的固体火箭冲压发动机燃烧效率规律研究

以双下侧进气布局的固体火箭冲压发动机为研究对象,以补燃室中燃气与空气的掺混燃烧效率规律为研究目标,将燃气喷管数量、补燃室头部距离、补燃室长径比、空气进气角度、空气进气速度5个因子作为二次燃烧效率的影响因子,基于试验设计方法,建立了5因子2水平的全因子试验表,并以该表为基础对构建出的32种不同掺混结构的固体火箭冲压发动机补燃室的反应流场进行数值模拟。用试验设计中的数据处理方法对计算结果进行分析,获得了5个显著因子及各因子对燃烧效率的影响规律。为了验证分析结果的正确性,从试验设计表中选取5种掺混结构进行了地面连管试验,试验结果与分析结论一致。将试验设计方法应用到固体火箭冲压发动机燃烧性能的研究中,为发动机性能寻优提供了新途径,具有较高的工程应用价值。     

考虑进口非均匀的喷管设计及冷流条件下的性能研究

超燃冲压发动机尾喷管与燃烧室直接相连,由于没有几何喉道和收缩段的整流作用,实际工作过程中尾喷管的进口气流是非均匀的,因而有必要研究非均匀进口条件下的尾喷管设计方法。以超燃冲压发动机尾喷管非均匀进口马赫数分布为条件,采用有旋特征线设计了超燃冲压发动机非对称尾喷管的等熵膨胀型线。利用数值模拟和试验相结合的方法研究了冷流条件下喷管的气动性能。结果表明,在相同的进口条件下,相对于假定进口马赫数均匀分布设计得到的喷管,考虑进口马赫数非均匀分布设计的喷管推力增加0.6%~2.0%,负升力降低可达82.0%,俯仰力矩增加8.6%~13.0%,这说明在喷管的设计过程中考虑进口参数分布的非均匀性是有必要的。     

轴承腔气相介质流场的理论与试验

采用有限元数值分析和试验研究的方法,研究了航空发动机轴承腔气相介质的压力场和速度场,探讨了转子转速和密封进气量等工况参数对轴承腔气相介质压力和速度分布的影响规律,研究工作表明:轴承腔气相介质压力随着转子转速、无量纲径向坐标、密封进气量的增加而增高;气相介质无量纲切向速度随着转子转速增高而增大,随着密封进气量增大而减小.试验结果表明:随着转子转速和密封进气量的增加,气相介质压力的试验结果与计算结果吻合性均增高.通过计算和试验揭示出的工况参数对轴承腔气相介质压力的影响规律,有助于轴承腔气相介质流动物理特性研究的完整性.      

The pGAPS experiment: An engineering balloon flight of prototype GAPS

The General Anti-Particle Spectrometer (GAPS) project is being carried out to search for primary cosmic-ray antiparticles especially for antideuterons produced by cold dark matter. GAPS plans to realize the science observation by Antarctic long duration balloon flights in the late 2010s. In preparation for the Antarctic science flights, an engineering balloon flight using a prototype of the GAPS instrument, “pGAPS”, was successfully carried out in June 2012 in Japan to verify the basic performance of each GAPS subsystem. The outline of the pGAPS flight campaign is briefly reported.