基于气助雾化喷射的柴油喷雾特性数值模拟

为对气助雾化喷射柴油的过程进行数值分析,借助计算流体力学仿真工具Fluent,在不改变喷嘴结构的情况下,建立考虑油气预混腔中柴油喷射过程的三维流体计算模型,研究定容弹内气助雾化喷嘴的柴油/空气两相流喷射过程,并且重点考察喷气压力、环境背压以及燃油温度对气助雾化喷射柴油喷雾特性的影响规律。结果表明：喷气压力对喷雾贯穿距离影响较大,喷气压力由0.65 MPa增大至0.75 MPa后贯穿距离增加12.2%,但柴油索太尔平均直径（SMD）只减小了5.2%,说明在保证燃油SMD处于较好水平时,喷气压力和环境背压绝对压力比值（气相压比）为7.5有利于减少气量消耗;环境背压对喷雾贯穿距离与燃油SMD影响显著,气相压比为1.875时,喷嘴出口处流场基本不会产生超声速气流,气动力降低显著影响了燃油液滴破碎过程,使喷射时间在4 ms时的SMD达到40.7μm;燃油温度对喷雾贯穿距离影响不大,但对燃油SMD影响较大,燃油温度升高后燃油SMD显著减小,323 K对应的SMD比293 K时减小了12.3%,喷射时间在4 ms时的SMD达到14.9μm,燃油蒸发质量分数达到36.93%。     

多弹最优协同诱导突防制导律

针对多弹协同突防问题提出了一种最优协同诱导突防制导律,基于诱导碰撞策略实现有效突防。首先构建了多弹协同对抗非线性模型,并基于零控脱靶量和零控碰撞角进行线性化。然后考虑拦截弹和进攻弹均为二阶驾驶仪动力学特性条件下,将各拦截弹碰撞距离和拦截弹碰撞角扩展到状态方程中,并利用状态转移矩阵降低状态方程维度。在此基础上,设计包含碰撞角约束的快收敛扩展性能指标函数,采用碰撞时间匹配策略推导出多弹最优协同诱导解析制导律的一般形式,并给出2枚进攻弹对2枚拦截弹典型场景下的突防制导律。最后通过典型场景仿真验证了最优协同诱导突防制导律的有效性。     

内绝热层材料结炭层强度的表征方法

利用改装的厚度计测试结炭层的针入深度,以此来表征材料结炭层的强度,分别考察了测试次数、圆锥针半顶角大小、测试区域和加载负荷对针入深度的影响,发现当测试次数为5次、圆锥针的半顶角为15°、测试区域为距烧蚀中心3 mm的圆形区域内、加载负荷为600~800 g时,所测针入深度数据分散性小、准确度高,能充分反映结炭层的强度。同时,结合不同芳纶用量时材料结炭层的针入深度和材料烧蚀速率分析,发现利用平均针入深度表征结炭层的强度,可科学地考察绝热层材料的耐烧蚀、抗冲蚀性能。     

导弹直接侧向力机动突防方案设计

针对敌方不同来袭方位的拦截弹,提出了一种可用于导弹末段侧向力机动的突防方案。在建立拦截弹和导弹的相对运动模型基础上给出了脱靶量与视线转率、相对距离和机动加速度的解析表达式。以拦截弹在视线系Z向上的脱靶量达到最大值作为性能指标,对机动发动机开启时刻进行优化确定。同时通过分析机动发动机与Y向舵偏的不同组合方式对导弹的速度增量及交会角的影响,确定机动发动机的推力方向应与气动力方向一致,并使交会角明显减小。仿真结果表明,此方案能使导弹最终落入拦截弹杀伤半径10 m之外,成功实现突防。     

复合材料壳体弹道侵彻数值模拟

采用LS-DYNA动力有限元软件显式算法,对芳纶纤维/环氧树脂复合材料壳体弹道侵彻进行了有限元数值模拟分析,获得了不同入射角及不同初始速度条件下枪弹在复合材料中的速度变化规律。计算结果表明,在入射角为90°、60°、30°3种状态下,在钨珠弹和穿甲弹垂直于壳体入射时,复合材料吸收能量最低,剩余速度最大;随入射角度的减小,子弹与靶体作用时间增加,动能损失较多,导致其剩余速度变小,减小到一定程度出现跳弹。计算获得了钨珠弹及穿甲弹垂直入射穿透该壳体时的临界速度,该计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

高速端面铣削加工引入残余压应力场的试验研究

为研究高速铣削加工表面残余应力分布,在统计试验设计指导下,使用X射线衍射/电解抛光方法对试样表层、次表层残余应力分布进行测量,得出残余应力分布曲线经验预报公式,探讨切削参数对残余压应力场特征指标的影响规律。研究结果表明,合理的高速切削工艺将在加工表面内引入类似喷丸强化效果的残余压应力场;(3,1)有理式模型与三阶多项式模型是描述高速铣削引入残余应力分布曲线的有效拟合公式;高速切削工艺参数对加工表面残余应力场的产生有直接影响,每齿进给量是决定残余压应力分布的关键因素,每齿进给量的变化将引起残余应力场形成机理的改变。     

Lightweight hybrid visual-inertial odometry with closed-form zero velocity update

Visual-Inertial Odometry (VIO) fuses measurements from camera and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) to achieve accumulative performance that is better than using individual sensors. Hybrid VIO is an extended Kalman filter-based solution which augments features with long tracking length into the state vector of Multi-State Constraint Kalman Filter (MSCKF). In this paper, a novel hybrid VIO is proposed, which focuses on utilizing low-cost sensors while also considering both the computational efficiency and positioning precision. The proposed algorithm introduces several novel contributions. Firstly, by deducing an analytical error transition equation, one-dimensional inverse depth parametrization is utilized to parametrize the augmented feature state. This modification is shown to significantly improve the computational efficiency and numerical robustness, as a result achieving higher precision. Secondly, for better handling of the static scene, a novel closed-form Zero velocity UPdaTe (ZUPT) method is proposed. ZUPT is modeled as a measurement update for the filter rather than forbidding propagation roughly, which has the advantage of correcting the overall state through correlation in the filter covariance matrix. Furthermore, online spatial and temporal calibration is also incorporated. Experiments are conducted on both public dataset and real data. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution by showing that its performance is better than the baseline and the state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of both efficiency and precision. A related software is open-sourced to benefit the community.^①     

基于动态RCS的隐身飞机探测概率研究

动态RCS是影响战斗机突防概率的重要因素。围绕动态RCS这一关键要素,建立了空空动态RCS求解模型,得到了典型机动下战斗机的动态RCS变化规律,并分析了基于动态RCS的典型机动下的雷达探测概率。基于仿真的静态RCS数据库,耦合飞机抖动模型,研究了拉升机动、空间机动以及空空对抗下某型隐身飞机的动态RCS。通过仿真发现:战斗机的机腹、垂尾及尾喷管部位RCS较大,从而导致了较高的探测概率;对于拉升机动,保持较大的航路捷径更有利于隐蔽突防。     

Retrieval and validation of aerosol optical depth using GF-1 WFV cameras data

Conventional AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth) retrieval is restricted to the global and regional scale due to the limited spatial resolution of satellites. This does not allow for aerosol monitoring at the city level. The Chinese GF-1 Wide Field of View (WFV) sensors have sufficiently fine resolution as a data source for AOD retrieval with fine spatial resolution and a 4-day revisit time. In this study, principles similar to those in the Deep Blue (DB) and Dark Target (DT) algorithms were used to retrieve AOD at 100 m spatial resolution from GF-1 WFV images supported by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectraradiometer (MODIS) surface reflectance (SR) products (MOD09A1). The derived GF-1 WFV AOD were compared with a combination of MOD04_3K DT AOD and MOD04_L2 DB AOD (MODIS AOD) to find that they yield reasonable Spearman correlations (R_S > 0.82) over Taiwan and Beijing. The derived GF-1 WFV AOD were also validated against Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) AOD; the Spearman correlation values were R_S = 0.911 in Beijing and R_S = 0.858 in Taiwan.     

基于任务的作战飞机效能评估模型

针对作战飞机的任务效能评估问题,提出了基于作战飞机任务的任务效能新概念;采用概率分析方法将飞机作战过程分解并抽象为一组概率值,建立了相应的任务效能评估模型;该模型可以在兼顾传统仿真评估模型结果精度的同时,具有模型简明、计算消耗低、方便快捷等特点;更具有实际作战指挥意义,其快速可信的评估结果有利于作战指挥官进行合理的、科学的任务规划,从而有利于在执行特定任务时更好地运用现有的作战飞机和武器;算例结果表明该模型可以较为有效地对作战飞机携带不同机载武器时在不同作战环境中打击不同作战目标进行效能评估.