舰载飞机着舰航迹角控制器设计

为提高舰载飞机的着舰精度,基于总能量控制理论设计了着舰下滑航迹角控制器。频域分析结果表明,该控制系统使航迹角的响应带宽为1.21rad/s,满足了设计要求。基于非线性模型的仿真结果表明,该系统不但能够使航迹角快速地响应阶跃输入指令和保持飞行速度基本不变,且对于气动参数的摄动具有较好的鲁棒性。     

管中激光加速器的推力形成过程

管中激光加速器是一种新型的激光推力器,弹射体在管道中被加速。利用光线追踪法,根据光线在网格中的传播路径信息,运用辐射输运方程,得到流场的能量源项;数值求解含能量源项的流体控制方程,对管道中等离子体流场激波的形成和演化过程进行了研究。模型能够模拟空气光学击穿、空气对激光能量的吸收、等离子体对激光的屏蔽作用和推力形成过程,通过计算得到冲量耦合系数为3.61×10-4N/MW,等离子体内能转化为流场动能的比例约为9%。     

Effect of interface debonding on matrix multicracking evolution of fiber-reinfroced ceramic-matrix composites

An analytical methodology was developed to investigate the effect of fiber/matrix interface debonding on matrix multicracking evolution of fiber-reinforced CMCs(ceramic-matrix composites). The Budiansky-Hutchinson-Evans shear-lag model was adopted to analyse the micro-stress field of the damaged composites. The critical matrix strain energy criterion, which presupposes the existence of an ultimate or critical matrix strain energy with matrix, was obtained to simulate the matrix multicracking evolution of CMCs. With the increase of the applied stress, the matrix multicracking and fiber/matrix interface debonding occurred to dissipate the additional energy entered into the composites. The fiber/matrix interface debonded length under matrix multicracking evolution was obtained by treating the interface debonding as a particular crack propagation problem. The conditions for no-debonding and debonding during the evolution of matrix multicracking were discussed in terms of two interfacial properties, i.e., the interface shear stress and interface debonded toughness. When the fiber/matrix interface was bonded, the matrix multicracking evolution was much more intense compared with the interface debonding; when the fiber/matrix interface was debonded, the matrix crack density increased with the increasing of interface shear stress and interface debonded energy. The theoretical results were compared with experimental data of unidirectional SiC/CAS(calcium alumina silicate), SiC/CAS-Ⅱ and SiC/borosilicate composites.      

太阳能/氢能无人机总体设计与能源管理策略研究

针对小型低空长航时电动无人机需求,给出了太阳能/氢能混合能源动力系统集成方案和小型低空长航时无人机构型。针对典型任务剖面,综合考虑太阳能电池和氢燃料电池特性,提出了一种考虑全机重量能量耦合关系的总体设计方法和任务剖面驱动的能源管理策略;建立了能源系统模型,给出了能源控制流程,开发了能源管理仿真平台。以1.5 kg任务载荷为例,完成了无人机总体方案设计,仿真分析了各种能源特性对飞行结果的影响。结果表明:能源管理策略能够根据任务剖面的要求合理配置能源系统的功率,满足各阶段的功率需求;无人机在冬至日航时为21 h、夏至日可实现跨昼夜飞行;在能源系统重量相同情况下,该混合能源无人机的航时分别是纯锂电池无人机和燃料电池无人机的5.5倍和1.2倍。     

飞机设计中发动机转子碎片非包容性设计

基于一种双发常规布局飞机进行飞机设计中发动机转子碎片非包容失效设计的研究,通过研究相关适航规章,以及相关咨询通告等文件,得出第3节到第7节所描述的对咨询通告AC20-128A适当裁剪的工程方法和步骤,并在实例机型设计中进行验证,缩短了飞机研制周期的同时,也表明在发动机转子碎片非包容失效事故发生后,飞机系统及机体结构等采取的设计措施、防范措施符合相关适航条例要求,也即结构剩余的强度、灾难性事件发生概率等满足AC20-128A第10条c中的定性和定量要求,表明该型实例飞机完全满足相关适航条例的要求,并获得中国民用航空局(CAAC)和美国联邦航空局(FAA)的认可。     

上下游干涉对转子叶片颤振特性的影响

使用自行开发的非定常流动数值模拟程序,分别考虑上、下游叶排干涉作用对转子叶片的颤振特性进行了研究,分析尾迹和势干扰对气动阻尼的影响规律.对转子叶片表面非定常压力进行傅里叶变换,使用能量法计算气动阻尼,研究不同叶片排轴向间距下气动阻尼的变化.通过考虑转静干涉效应的气动阻尼与单转子结果对比,总结了干涉作用对叶片颤振特性的影响规律;结果表明:上游导叶与转子一倍弦长间距时,获得正气动阻尼,与单转子预测的气动弹性稳定性结果相反.说明在进行颤振特性预测时必须考虑转静干涉作用;尾迹和势干扰的强度均随着轴向间距值的减小而加强,且都会加剧叶片气动弹性失稳.      

高强太阳光无线能量传输能量供给平台设计

为了满足微小卫星群落编队飞行技术快速发展的需要,设计了一种能量供给平台.该平台中菲涅尔透镜（太阳能聚集装置）收集空间太阳光,并将聚焦光能耦合进光纤束（柔性转向装置）以进行传输和换向.由3个薄透镜组成的透镜组（二次发射装置）将出射光线整合成高强平行光束进行光能传输,将光能以高强太阳光形式无线传输至航天器群落,实现能量供给.该能量供给平台能量收集传输效率可达到70%以上,在提高效率、降低成本方面具有一定的优越性.      

三元乙丙橡胶薄膜黏接界面温度相关性力学性能

采用双悬臂夹层梁(DCSB)试件对三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)薄膜黏接界面Ⅰ型断裂的温度相关性进行了研究;采用线弹性断裂力学(LEFM)方法获取了黏接界面断裂能,将其与单轴拉伸所得内聚强度作为双线性内聚力模型(CZM)参数,对不同温度条件下双悬臂夹层梁试件的Ⅰ型断裂行为进行了数值仿真.结果表明:仿真与实验曲线偏差较大,偏差出现的原因主要是未经修正的线弹性断裂力学方法所求断裂能存在较大的误差,需对其进行修正.调整模型参数使仿真曲线与实验曲线重合,获取了黏接界面的准确力学性能参数,采用此参数得到的仿真结果与实验结果具有较高的吻合度,证明了模型的可适用性.     

Specific grinding energy and surface roughness of nanoparticle jet minimum quantity lubrication in grinding

Nanoparticles with the anti-wear and friction reducing features were applied as cooling lubricant in the grinding fluid. Dry grinding, flood grinding, minimal quantity of lubrication（MQL）, and nanoparticle jet MQL were used in the grinding experiments. The specific grinding energy of dry grinding, flood grinding and MQL were 84, 29.8, 45.5 J/mm³, respectively. The specific grinding energy significantly decreased to 32.7 J/mm³ in nanoparticle MQL. Compared with dry grinding, the surface roughness values of flood grinding, MQL, and nanoparticle jet MQL were significantly reduced with the surface topography profile values reduced by 11%, 2.5%, and 10%,respectively, and the ten point height of microcosmic unflatness values reduced by 1.5%, 0.5%,and 1.3%, respectively. These results verified the satisfactory lubrication effects of nanoparticle MQL. MoS₂, carbon nanotube（CNT）, and ZrO₂ nanoparticles were also added in the grinding fluid of nanoparticle jet MQL to analyze their grinding surface lubrication effects. The specific grinding energy of MoS₂ nanoparticle was only 32.7 J/mm³, which was 8.22% and 10.39% lower than those of the other two nanoparticles. Moreover, the surface roughness of workpiece was also smaller with MoS₂ nanoparticle, which indicated its remarkable lubrication effects. Furthermore,the role of MoS₂ particles in the grinding surface lubrication at different nanoparticle volume concentrations was analyzed. MoS₂ volume concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% were used.Experimental results revealed that the specific grinding energy and the workpiece surface roughness initially increased and then decreased as MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration increased.Satisfactory grinding surface lubrication effects were obtained with 2% MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration.     

Z-pins增强陶瓷基复合材料层间Ⅰ型开裂性能预测

基于Z-pins增强陶瓷基复合材料层间Ⅰ型断裂韧性的试验结果、Z-pins增强机理,提出了Z-pins拔出的单线性软化模型.重点考虑了Z-pins直径范围内拔出位移的不一致性,在简单双悬臂梁（DCB）理论的基础上,获得了Z-pins增强陶瓷基复合材料层间Ⅰ型开裂性能的分析预测模型,预测结果与试验结果吻合较好.在此基础上,采用预测模型获得了不同Z-pins直径、裂纹长度下的裂尖能量释放率,并与理想弹簧元法进行了比较.结果表明:当裂尖靠近Z-pins时,随着Z-pins直径增大,两种方法所得的裂尖能释放率的差异逐渐增大,但总体来说差异的量级很小;随着裂纹长度的增加,裂尖逐渐远离Z-pins,两种方法所得的裂尖能释放率的存在较大的差异,不能忽略Z-pins直径范围内拔出位移不一的影响.