M3条件下乙烯燃料超燃冲压发动机空气节流点火试验

在隔离段入口Ma=3(模拟飞行马赫数6.5)条件下,采用乙烯燃料的超燃冲压发动机点火十分困难。为解决该难题,采用了空气节流作为辅助点火措施。基于脉冲燃烧风洞直连式试验平台进行了空气节流点火试验,通过壁面压力测量,获得了节流点火的火焰发展历程。以点火时间为指标,对节流流量、乙烯当量比、节流时间等参数进行了定量分析,节流流量的调节范围为0%~45%,乙烯当量比调节范围为0.6~1.2,节流时间调节范围为190~350ms。分析了三个节流参数各自的作用机理,通过数据拟合,绘制了节流流量与点火时间、乙烯当量比与点火时间的关系曲线,揭示了节流时间与点火时间的关系。      

以RBCC为动力的巡航飞行器有效载荷质量敏感性分析

基于飞行轨迹及质量分析数学模型,对以RBCC为动力的巡航飞行器有效载荷的敏感性进行了分析,主要考虑了发动机比冲、发射马赫数、发射高度、模态转换点(转换马赫数)及惰性质量系数等对有效载荷质量的影响。分析结果表明,提高发射马赫数和发射高度、增加发动机比冲、降低模态转换马赫数及飞行器惰性质量系数有利于提高巡航飞行器的有效载荷质量。其中有效载荷质量对惰性质量系数最敏感,当惰性质量系数分别减小7.3%和增大7.3%时,有效载荷质量的增大量和减小量将分别达到58%和103.7%。     

The determination for ideal release point of test masses in drag-free satellites for the detection of gravitational waves

Gravitational waves are ripples in space–time predicted by Albert Einstein's general relativity and provide a new way to understand the universe. Space-borne detectors of gravitational waves, extending to very large scales, can effectively detect the middle and low-frequency gravitational wave source with the frequency band of 0.1 mHz–1 Hz. The test masses are used to make an inertial reference point in the detection of gravitational waves. Currently, there are few studies concerning the ideal release position for the test masses in the detection of gravitational waves. In this study, we give a general solution for test mass release points to minimize the relative motion between the test mass and the satellite mass center. Moreover, we discuss the situation when the release point equation is not satisfied, and the ideal release point of the along-track. Finally, we report on simulations that verify the accuracy of the theoretical derivation.     

Structural topology optimization under stationary random base acceleration excitations

Structural topology optimization subjected to stationary random base acceleration excitations is investigated in this paper. In the random response analysis, the Large Mass Method(LMM) which attributes artificial large mass values at each driven nodal Degree Of Freedom(DOF) to transforming the base acceleration excitations into force excitations is proposed. The Complete Quadratic Combination(CQC) which is commonly used to calculate the random responses in previous optimization has been proven to be computationally expensive especially for large-scale problems. In order to conquer this difficulty, the Pseudo Excitation Method(PEM) and the combined method of PEM and Mode Acceleration Method(MAM) are adopted into the dynamic topology optimization, and random responses are calculated using these two methods to ascertain a high efficiency over the CQC. A density-based topology optimization method minimizing dynamic responses is then formulated based on the integration of LMM and PEM or the combined method of PEM and MAM. Numerical examples are presented to verify the accuracy of the proposed schemes in dynamic response analysis and the quality of the optimized design in improving dynamic performance.     

基于SoPC的大容量存储控制器的设计与实现

电子技术的飞速发展要求嵌入式存储设备具有更低的功耗、更小的体积以及更大的存储容量,同时,以FPGA作为物理载体进行芯片设计的可编程片上系统(SoPC)技术将处理器、内存控制器、I/O接口控制器等系统设计需要的功能模块集成到一个芯片上实现,具有集成度高、功耗小、可靠性高等优点。在对SoPC系统以及大容量存储控制器进行研究的基础上,较为详细地介绍了一个基于SoPC系统的大容量存储控制器的设计与实现,阐述了流水线技术以ECC纠错技术的具体实现方案,并对方案的可行性进行了分析,设计功能得到了仿真验证。     

扇形叶栅通道中密度比和流量比对叶片表面全气膜冷却特性的影响

为了研究扇形通道中真实三维弯扭导向叶片全气膜冷却特性,本文采用压敏漆(PSP)测试技术实验测量了叶片全气膜冷却效率,获得了不同密度比(1、1.5)和质量流量比(9.71%、11.64%、12.47%)对叶片全气膜冷却效率的影响规律,结果表明：低密度比条件下,随着出流比增加,叶片压力面侧气膜冷却效率逐渐增加,叶片吸力面侧靠近前缘区域气膜孔下游的冷却效率减小；密度比增加可以使叶片整体气膜冷却效率提高,其中压力面前侧靠近前缘区域的冷却效率提高最为明显,最多提高了182%；高密度比条件下,增加出流比仅会使得压力面侧-0.8< S/C <0气膜冷却效率小幅度增加。     

Spatiotemporal variations in litter mass and their relationships with climate in temperate grassland: A case study from Xilingol grassland,Inner Mongolia (China)

Clarifying spatiotemporal variations of litter mass and their relationships with climate factors will advance our understanding of ecosystem structure and functioning in grasslands. Our objective is to investigate the spatiotemporal variations of litter mass in the growing season and their relationships with precipitation and temperature in the Xilingol grassland using MOD09A1 data. With widely used STI (simple tillage index), we firstly estimated the litter mass of Xilingol grassland in the growing season from 2000 to 2014. Then we investigated the variations of litter mass in the growing season at regional and site scales. We further explored the spatiotemporal relationships between litter mass and precipitation and temperature at both scales. The litter mass increased with increasing mean annual precipitation and decreasing mean annual temperature at regional scale. The variations of litter mass at given sites followed quadratic function curves in the growing season, and litter mass generally attained maximums between August 1 and September 1. Positive spatial relationship was observed between litter mass variations and precipitation, and negative spatial relationship was found between litter mass variations and temperature in the growing season. There was no significant relationship between inter-annual variations of litter mass and precipitation and temperature at given sites. Results illustrate that precipitation and temperature are important drivers in shaping ecosystem functioning as reflected in litter mass at regional scale in the Xilingol grassland. Our findings also suggest the action of distinct mechanism in controlling litter mass variations at regional and sites scales.     

Solar physics with the Square Kilometre Array

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will be the largest radio telescope ever built, aiming to provide collecting area larger than 1?km². The SKA will have two independent instruments, SKA-LOW comprising of dipoles organized as aperture arrays in Australia and SKA-MID comprising of dishes in South Africa. Currently the phase-1 of SKA, referred to as SKA1, is in its late design stage and construction is expected to start in 2020. Both SKA1-LOW (frequency range of 50–350?MHz) and SKA1-MID Bands 1, 2, and 5 (frequency ranges of 350–1050, 950–1760, and 4600–15,300?MHz, respectively) are important for solar observations. In this paper we present SKA’s unique capabilities in terms of spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution, as well as sensitivity and show that they have the potential to provide major new insights in solar physics topics of capital importance including (i) the structure and evolution of the solar corona, (ii) coronal heating, (iii) solar flare dynamics including particle acceleration and transport, (iv) the dynamics and structure of coronal mass ejections, and (v) the solar aspects of space weather. Observations of the Sun jointly with the new generation of ground-based and space-borne instruments promise unprecedented discoveries.     

Flight safety implications of the extreme solar proton event of 23 February 1956

There is considerable speculation about the effects at aircraft altitudes resulting from extreme solar proton events. The ground level event (GLE) of 23 February 1956 (GLE 5), remains the largest solar proton event of the neutron monitor era in terms of its influence on count rates at monitors near sea level. During this GLE the count rate was increased by as much as 4760% (15-min average) at the Leeds monitor relative to the count rate from galactic cosmic radiation (GCR). Two modern models of the event cumulative solar proton spectrum for this event, a 6-parameter fit in energy and a 4-parameter Band fit in rigidity, are compared with 1-h of GCR at solar minimum. While effective doses calculated with CARI-7A for both models at low geomagnetic cutoff rigidities are indeed high when compared with GCR and can exceed recommended exposure limits, both GLE spectra exhibit a much stronger dependence on cutoff rigidity than GCR, and a larger fraction of the dose from neutrons. At locations with cutoff rigidities above 4.2 and 6.4?GV, respectively, the GLE effective doses are smaller than the GCR hourly dose. At locations with cutoff rigidities above about 4?GV, GCR was the dominant source of exposure in 10?h or less at all altitudes examined. This suggests that if a similar event occurs in the future, low- and mid-latitude flights at modern jet flight altitudes could be well-protected by Earth’s magnetic field.     

基于事件触发的航天器变周期控制方法研究

摘要： 随着未来航天技术的发展对航天器自主性工作的要求越来越高，星上嵌入式系统所需处理的数据量也急剧增大.而如何在通信与计算资源约束下保证航天器性能就成为一个关键问题.本文基于事件触发控制方法，提出一种在保证控制性能前提下能够大幅降低星上总线负载的航天器姿态控制方法.并从扰动系统理论出发，给出算法的设计流程和稳定性证明.通过仿真算例验证算法的有效性.