Rosina – Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis

The Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis (ROSINA) will answer important questions posed by the mission’s main objectives. After Giotto, this will be the first time the volatile part of a comet will be analyzed in situ. This is a very important investigation, as comets, in contrast to meteorites, have maintained most of the volatiles of the solar nebula. To accomplish the very demanding objectives through all the different phases of the comet’s activity, ROSINA has unprecedented capabilities including very wide mass range (1 to >300 amu), very high mass resolution (m/Δ m > 3000, i.e. the ability to resolve CO from N₂ and ¹³C from ¹²CH), very wide dynamic range and high sensitivity, as well as the ability to determine cometary gas velocities, and temperature. ROSINA consists of two mass spectrometers for neutrals and primary ions with complementary capabilities and a pressure sensor. To ensure that absolute gas densities can be determined, each mass spectrometer carries a reservoir of a calibrated gas mixture allowing in-flight calibration. Furthermore, identical flight-spares of all three sensors will serve for detailed analysis of all relevant parameters, in particular the sensitivities for complex organic molecules and their fragmentation patterns in our electron bombardment ion sources.     

The synthesis of helium and CNO isotopes in massive stars

We present helium and CNO isotopic yields for massive mass-losing stars in the initial mass range 15M M _i 50M . We investigate their dependence on assumptions about mass loss rates, internal mixing processes, and metallicity, and specify the contributions from stellar winds and from supernova ejecta.     

3He-Rich Solar Energetic Particle Events

³He-rich solar energetic particle (SEP) events show huge enrichments of ³He and association with kilovolt electrons and Type-III radio bursts. Observations from a new generation of high resolution instruments launched on the Wind, ACE, Yohkoh, SOHO, TRACE, and RHESSI spacecraft have revealed many new properties of these events: the particle energy spectra are found to be either power-law or curved in shape, with the ³He spectrum often being distinctly different from other species. Ultra-heavy nuclei up to >200 amu are found to be routinely present at average enrichments of >200 times solar-system abundances. The high ionization states previously observed near ∼1 MeV/nucleon have been found to decrease towards normal solar coronal values in these events. The source regions have been identified for many events, and are associated with X-ray jets and EUV flares that are associated with magnetic reconnection sites near active regions. This paper reviews the current experimental picture and theoretical models, with emphasis on the new insights found in the last few years.     

CME-geometry and cosmic-ray anisotropy observed by a prototype muon detector network

We analyze the cosmic-ray anisotropy observed by a prototype network of muon detectors during geomagnetic storms associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The network currently consists of multidirectional surface muon detectors at Nagoya (Japan) and Hobart (Australia), together with a prototype detector at São Martinho (Brazil) which has been in operation since March, 2001. In this report, we analyze the anisotropy recorded in both the muon detector and neutron monitor (the Spaceship Earth) networks and find significant enhancements of cosmic-ray anisotropy during geomagnetic storms. Following the analysis by Bieber and Evenson [Bieber, J.W., Evenson, P. CME geometry in relation to cosmic ray anisotropy. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 (1998) 2955–2958] for the neutron monitor data at 10 GeV, we also derive cosmic-ray density gradients from muon data at higher-energy (50 GeV), possibly reflecting the larger-scale geometry of CMEs causing geomagnetic storms. We particularly find in some events the anisotropy enhancement clearly starting prior to the storm onset in both the muon and neutron data. This is the first result of the CME-geometry derived from simultaneous observations of the anisotropy with networks of multidirectional muon detectors and neutron monitors.     

直管式科氏质量流量计对脉动流响应的研究

弹性测量管的振动特性决定了科氏质量流量计的测量精度.以直管科氏质量流量计为例,初步分析研究了流体脉动对其测量管振动特性的影响.建立了被测流体脉动时测量管振动的数学模型;采用Galerkin法对模型进行了处理,将模型转化为受外激励和参数激励联合作用的有耦合多自由度振动问题;用多尺度法对其进行了分析,给出了脉动流作用下科氏质量流量计测量管振动的主要频率成分,揭示了脉动流作用的机理.所得到的大部分结论与有关文献的实验结果吻合.     

1997年1月空间天气事件的三维MHD模拟

以1997年1月空气天气事件期间的观测为依据，在构造了比较接近真实的背景太阳风基础上，进一步利用三维时变的MHD模式，模拟了CME（日冕物质抛射）激发的扰动在行星际空间的传播过程，对地球空间环境的影响及行星际磁场南向分量Bz在1AU的时间经历。模拟结果与WIND卫星的测量进行了比较。结果表明，模拟与观测得到的扰动得到地球的时间、地球空间环境各量的变化及Bz的时间经历基本一致。     

舰空导弹发动机意外点火故障树分析

通过对舰空导弹发射准备时发动机意外点火事件的分析,建立了发动机意外点火故障树。定性分析获得了发动机意外点火模式和避免意外点火的有效模式,定量分析得到了发动机意外点火概率值,最后对分析结果进行了评价。     

圆形轨迹导引下的无人机事件触发抗干扰环绕控制

针对内部不确定性以及外部环境摄动的目标环绕控制问题,在基于反步法的双层制导框架下,利用级联控制思想,提出了一种圆形轨迹导引下的四旋翼无人机事件触发抗扰环绕控制方法。在轨迹回路中,构建了可满足持续激励条件的目标位置估计器,保证仅通过视线方位角就能获取可满足最终一致有界条件的目标估计项。随后,基于目标的位置估计结果,设计了目标环绕控制律生成线速度指令,并通过方向向量场验证了该环绕制导律的有效性,消除了现有李雅普诺夫向量场制导(LVFG)对相对位置和目标速度的依赖。在姿态回路中,通过采用扩张状态观测器(ESO)补偿系统的集总不确定性,设计了基于相对阈值事件触发控制的姿态控制器,在有效降低控制器到执行机构之间信号传输频率的同时,实现了四旋翼无人机对静止/移动目标环绕。然后,借助输入状态稳定性定理证明了系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明,所提控制方案能够实现圆形轨迹导引下四旋翼无人机对静止/移动目标的环绕监视。     

多级燃气涡轮的多目标优化方法

将多级燃气涡轮的设计问题表述为其空气动力学损失和质量为极小化目标的多目标非线性数学规划问题。求优中考虑了多种气动与机械约束条件。采用Craig-Cox模型计算气动损失。给出了有关数值算例。     

Shoemaker－Levy9彗星撞击木星的流星物理学

本文从流星物理学的基本方程出发,导出Shoemaker-Levy9慧星撞击木星时的速度、质量损失、电子线密度、能量释放率随高度的分布公式;采用合理的参数,作了一系列计算,并与观测资料比较,进行一些讨论。