中小外贸企业经营机制创新分析

经营机制创新是中小型外贸企业摆脱困境的必由之路。针对目前面临的主要问题，从外部环境及企业自身经营机制缺陷方面对中小型外贸企业生存环境进行分析，并从实现经营机制创新角度探讨改善现状的方法，力图找出中小型外贸企业经营机制创新的突破点。     

Calculation of the transonic dip of airfoils using viscous-inviscid aerodynamic interaction method

A numerical procedure for the calculation of the transonic dip of airfoils in the time domain is presented. A viscous-inviscid aerodynamic interaction method is taken to calculate the unsteady aerodynamic loads. In the present case the integral boundary layer equations are coupled with the Transonic Small Disturbance (TSD) Potential Equation. The coupling between structural motion and aerodynamic loads is carried out using State Space equation. It is solved by State Transition Matrix technique. Results are presented for NACA 64A010 and NLR 7301 airfoils with structural data from Isogai and DLR, respectively. Comparisons show good agreement with other numerical results. Certain deviations of experimental data taken from literature need more insight in the detailed test conditions.     

Solar and Heliospheric Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays

The significance of external influences on the environment of Earth and its atmosphere has become evident during recent years. Especially, on time scales of several hundred years, the cosmogenic isotope concentration during the Wolf-, Spoerer-, Maunder- and Dalton-Minimum indicates an increased cosmic ray flux. Because these grand minima of solar activity coincide with cold periods, a correlation of the Earth climate with the cosmic ray intensities is plausible. Any quantitative study of the effects of energetic particles on the atmosphere and environment of the Earth must address their transport to Earth and their interactions with the Earth’s atmosphere including their filtering by the terrestrial magnetosphere. The first problem is one of the fundamental problems in modern cosmic ray astrophysics, and corresponding studies began in the 1960s based on Parker’s cosmic ray modulation theory taking into account diffusion, convection, adiabatic deceleration, and (later) the drift of energetic particles in the global heliospheric magnetic field. It is well established that all of these processes determining the modulation of cosmic rays are depending on parameters that are varying with the solar magnetic cycle. Therefore, the galactic cosmic ray intensities close to Earth is the result of a complex modulation of the interstellar galactic spectrum within the heliosphere. The modern view of this cosmic ray modulation is summarized in our contribution.     

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with primary goat embryonic fibroblast showed no difference from traditional feederlayer-based culture method used in mouse and human. The putative primary EG colonies were multilayer clumps ofcompact cel     

等质量异形粒子超高速撞击侵蚀

用数值方法模拟双锥，圆柱，椭球、圆锥和倒圆锥五类等质量异形铝粒子五种高宽比共２５种粒子对半无限铝靶的超高速撞击侵蚀，撞击速度为４ｋｍ／ｓ，给出了坑深、坑径、坑形参数和坑体积随粒子形状及高宽比的变化曲线。结果与非圆球异形粒子超高速撞击侵蚀计算有重要参考价值。     

卫星推进及控制装置准直测量方法研究

在传统的卫星推进及控制装置准直测量方法的基础上,提出两种新的测量方法,即小角度准直测量法和三维坐标准直测量法,并给出了相应的数据处理方法。所提出的方法测量精度高、测量速度快,无需转台整平,也不必对转台上的定位销进行精确准直。     

关于疲劳裂纹扩展数学模型的参数寻优

本文通过引入工程设计中的优化方法，分别对室内空气环境下铝合金（ＬＹ１２－ＣＺ）材料疲劳裂纹扩展的数学模型，以及环境条件下（３．５％ＮａＣｌ水溶液浸泡）该材料腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展的数学模型进行了探讨。在已知标准试样在不同的环境下疲劳裂纹扩展实验ｄａｄＮｉ，ΔＫｉ的条件下，采用优化方法进行参数寻优，可方便地得到与其对应的疲劳裂纹扩展的ｄａｄＮ～ΔＫ最优数学模型     

质量矩导弹的神经网络及自适应非线性控制

本文对质量矩控制导弹的动力学方程简化和控制系统的设计进行了研究。详细阐述了所提出的控制方法，介绍了径向基单隐层神经网络进行误差补偿的算法原理，用Lyapunov理论证明了所采用方法的稳定性。在给出了质量矩导弹的六自由度动力学方程和简化后的方程后，用所提出的方法设计控制系统。通过仿真分析，得出了本文所提出的方法具有较好的误差补偿能力的结论。     

满足约束的Gn连续过渡曲面的构造

在Erich Hartmann提出的由两基曲面线性组合构造G^n连续过渡曲面方法的基础上，针对该方法存在很难找到合适的参数变换的问题，提出了一种基于基曲面局部区域重新参数化构造G^n连续过渡曲面的方法。通过对基曲面上切触线附近区域部分曲面重新参数化，再由重新参数化局部基曲面线性组合构造G^n连续过渡曲面。这样将两基曲面间构造过渡曲面的问题转化为在重新参数化局部基曲面间构造过渡曲面。以构造G^1连续的翼身融合面为例，讨论了满足约束要求条件时G^2连续过渡面的构造方法。即先对基曲面上过渡切触线附近的局部区域进行重新参数化，后通过优化求解来确定比例因子和偏移量、平衡因子和调配因子，使过渡曲面满足前后边条线约束，最后利用线性组合来构造G^2连续的过渡面。约束过渡曲面的形状可通过改变重新参数化基曲面的大小来调整．     

What Determines the Composition of SEPs in Gradual Events?

Gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events are evidently accelerated by coronal/interplanetary shocks driven by coronal mass ejections. This talk addresses the different factors which determine the composition of the accelerated ions. The first factor is the set of available seed populations including the solar wind core and suprathermal tail, remnant impulsive events from preceding solar flares, and remnant gradual events. The second factor is the fractionation of the seed ions by the injection process, that is, what fraction of the ions are extracted by the shock to participate in diffusive shock acceleration. Injection is a controversial topic since it depends on the detailed electromagnetic structure of the shock transition and the transport of ions in these structured fields, both of which are not well understood or determined theoretically. The third factor is fractionation during the acceleration process, due to the dependence of ion transport in the turbulent electromagnetic fields adjacent to the shock on the mass/charge ratio. Of crucial importance in the last two factors is the magnetic obliquity of the shock. The form of the proton-excited hydromagnetic wave spectrum is also important. Finally, more subtle effects on ion composition arise from the superposition of ion contributions over the time history of the shock along the observer’s magnetic flux tube, and the sequence of flux tubes sampled by the observer.