关于加大产业结构调整力度的思考

本文从我国产业结构调整的现状及存在的问题出发，针对一般加工产业生产能力过大，高水平的加工能力不足这一突出问题进行了原因分析，在此基础上，就我国加速优化产业结构的客观基础和可能，提出了关于加大产业结构调整力度的七点思考建议。     

Spacecraft optimal rendezvous controller design using simulated annealing

A new global approach for rendezvous Linear Quadratic controller design is presented in this paper. Instead of solving the algebraic Riccati equation, a continuous simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is used to design rendezvous LQ controller. Optimization of one automatic rendezvous controller with 18 design parameters is illustrated. The results show that the SA algorithm can locate the global solution effectively and robust, besides a great number of global solutions have been obtained by the SA. The SA has demonstrated better performance than other optimization algorithms such as floating-coded Genetic Algorithm, Simplex method and Powell algorithm.     

超临界层流翼型优化设计策略

针对超临界层流翼型设计问题,提出一种两轮优化策略。采用γ-Reθt转捩模型耦合剪切应力输运(SST)模式的湍流模型对翼型边界层转捩进行预测。翼型几何参数化建模采用形状分类函数转换(CST)方法,设计变量为描述翼型几何特征的参数。第1轮优化的目的是尽量提高层流区域的比例,气动分析模型为基于Kriging模型的代理模型,优化算法为遗传算法,通过优化获得满足约束要求的层流翼型。第2轮优化目的是对第1轮优化获得的翼型进行微调,进一步提高翼型的升阻比,气动分析直接采用CFD程序,优化算法采用基于梯度的优化算法。算例表明,应用本文提出的两轮优化策略,可将超临界翼型NASA SC(2)0412优化设计成超临界层流翼型,翼型的上下表面层流区比例分别达到了55.5%和47.0%,升阻比提高了38.1%。     

Applications of structural efficiency assessment method on structural-mechanical characteristics integrated design in aero-engines

In the design process of advanced aero-engines, it is necessary to carry out an effective analysis method between structural features and mechanical characteristics for a better structural optimization. Based on the structural composition and functions of aero-engines, the concept and contents of structural efficiency can reflect the relation between structural features and mechanical characteristics. In order to achieve the integrated design of structural and mechanical characteristics, one quantitative analysis method called Structural Efficiency Assessment Method (SEAM) was put forward. The structural efficiency coefficient was obtained by synthesizing the parameters to quantitatively evaluate the aero-engine structure design level. Parameterization method to evaluate structural design quality was realized. After analyzing the structural features of an actual dual-rotor system in typical high bypass ratio turbofan engines, the mechanical characteristics and structural efficiency coefficient were calculated. Structural efficiency coefficient of high-pressure rotor (0.43) is higher than that of low-pressure rotor (0.29), which directly shows the performance of the former is better, there is room for improvement in structural design of the low-pressure rotor. Thus the direction of structural optimization was pointed out. The applications of SEAM shows that the method is operational and effective in the evaluation and improvement of structural design.     

低轨卫星月影事件预报优化

针对卫星月影问题,提出了一种低轨卫星优化的月影预报策略,可以有效提高目前低轨卫星在轨管理时对月影事件预报的效率.结合仿真对产生月影事件的太阳、地球、月球的三体关系进行了分析,首先给出了月影产生的解析分析方法,并通过对一个三维月影影响模型的分析,得到了月影影响区间的判定要素——月影临界角;然后进一步通过对月影临界角的分析,提出了基于太阳与白道面的位置关系和月影临界角对低轨卫星月影事件的优化预报方法;最后基于大量的随机低轨卫星场景对本方法的正确性进行了验证.研究结果表明,此方法能够较大地提高月影预报效率,可以将月影预报频率从每月1次降低到每年2次,从而简化了低轨卫星在轨运行管理的任务复杂度,为卫星的在轨可靠运行提供支持.     

Hypersonic reentry trajectory planning by using hybrid fractional-order particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm

This paper proposes a novel hybrid algorithm called Fractional-order Particle Swarm optimization Gravitational Search Algorithm (FPSOGSA) and applies it to the trajectory planning of the hypersonic lifting reentry flight vehicles. The proposed method is used to calculate the control profiles to achieve the two objectives, namely a smoother trajectory and enforcement of the path constraints with terminal accuracy. The smoothness of the trajectory is achieved by scheduling the bank angle with the aid of a modified scheme known as a Quasi-Equilibrium Glide (QEG) scheme. The aerodynamic load factor and the dynamic pressure path constraints are enforced by further planning of the bank angle with the help of a constraint enforcement scheme. The maximum heating rate path constraint is enforced through the angle of attack parameterization. The Common Aero Vehicle (CAV) flight vehicle is used for the simulation purpose to test and compare the proposed method with that of the standard Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method and the standard Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). The simulation results confirm the efficiency of the proposed FPSOGSA method over the standard PSO and the GSA methods by showing its better convergence and computation efficiency.     

空间超高速撞击碎片云前端速度的预测模型

文章利用一组二级轻气炮发射2017-T4 铝质球形弹丸撞击6061-T6单层铝板的地面试验数据,通过选择适当的函数模型,采用多元函数拟合的方法,得到了碎片云前端速度与靶板厚度、弹丸直径和弹丸速度关系的三元二阶多项式模型。再用另外一组数据对该模型进行检验,验证了其对碎片云前端速度具有较好的预测效果。将以上两组数据同样用于建立“无量纲化”模型进行碎片云前端速度预测,并与前述多项式模型的预测结果进行比较发现,该多项式模型预测的方均根误差及平均相对误差均明显优于“无量纲化”模型。该多项式模型可用于预测空间碎片撞击航天器产生的碎片云的前端速度,有助于航天器的空间碎片防护设计。     

基于模拟退火算法与响应面模型的三维气动优化设计方法

提出了一套适用于高耗时三维气动设计问题的优化设计体系.其主要思想是采用改进拉丁超立方体试验设计选取样本点,应用自行开发的三维粘性流场求解程序进行流场计算建立数据库,采用二次响应面方法建立近似模型,再应用高效模拟退火算法进行全局寻优.以NASA rotor57为对象,在详细进行流场计算基础上采用所提出的优化体系对其进行了三维积叠优化设计.在对流量、效率加以严格约束的条件下,总压比可提高1.8%,对流场结构进行了分析.优化结果表明本优化方法省时,适于三维气动设计的特点.     

连接器支架结构优化设计分析

某型连接器支架普遍出现断裂现象,经判断原因是动强度设计不合理,在振动载荷作用下发生疲劳破坏,为了确保支架不出现结构损伤,保证飞行安全,需要进行结构优化设计分析。基于克希霍夫理论,采用有限元分析手段,通过改变厚度、材料与结构形式的方法,对支架进行模态分析与随机响应分析,最终得到了在满足动强度设计要求的情况下质量最轻的支架。根据分析结果总结了一种结构优化设计分析的流程:先改结构形式,用相对系数判断优劣;再选疲劳性能好的材料;最后选择合适的厚度。该流程在本文中得到有效实施,可在今后用于相似结构的优化设计分析。     

横向加强构件作用下的开口薄壁梁等效建模方法

卫星结构中通常有大量横向加强构件作用下的开口薄壁杆件,横向加强构件一般沿杆件轴向均匀分布,通过对这类结构研究,理论上证明了这种结构的振动微分方程与普通的开口薄壁梁振动微分方程有相同的形式,因此可以用开口薄壁梁单元进行等效计算。本文建立了开口薄壁梁的3种数学模型:有限元模型、传递矩阵模型和解析模型。采用优化理论中序列二次规划对等效截面参数进行辨识,同时分析了不同目标函数对辨识结果的影响,并且提出了一种对截面初始参数进行估计的方法。对于有限元模型,提出采用MATLAB与ABAQUS交互式参数优化方法,充分结合二者优点可以快速高效地对截面参数进行优化辨识,具有较强的通用性。通过实验验证了这种等效建模方法的正确性与精确性。所提出的等效建模方法可以减少90%以上的单元数量。通过建立这种简化模型,可以大幅度提高整星结构模型修正与结构重分析的效率。