SPH-BASED NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR GRANULAR MATERIAL MODEL OF SAND AND REGOLITH

The development of an innovative drilling system makes it necessary to model the material of extra-ter- restrial soil, i.e. regolith or lunar soil. And then the drilling process is numerically simulated. Since real regolith is very scarce and costly, sand properties are investigated by means of experiments and sand model is constructed with the capability of partly reflecting these properties. With the use of smooth particle hydrodynamics （SPH） method in LS-DYNA, data analysis and modeling process are presented to reach the following achievements：（1） Develop a general model approach of sand using SPH method; （2） Compare SPH results with experimental data to validate it; （3） Adapt the sand model to lunar soil while fitting the simulation of dual-reciprocating drilling （DRD） process.     

Cone model-based SEP event calculations for applications to multipoint observations

The problem of modeling solar energetic particle (SEP) events is important to both space weather research and forecasting, and yet it has seen relatively little progress. Most important SEP events are associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that drive coronal and interplanetary shocks. These shocks can continuously produce accelerated particles from the ambient medium to well beyond 1 AU. This paper describes an effort to model real SEP events using a Center for Integrated Space weather Modeling (CISM) MHD solar wind simulation including a cone model of CMEs to initiate the related shocks. In addition to providing observation-inspired shock geometry and characteristics, this MHD simulation describes the time-dependent observer field line connections to the shock source. As a first approximation, we assume a shock jump-parameterized source strength and spectrum, and that scatter-free transport occurs outside of the shock source, thus emphasizing the role the shock evolution plays in determining the modeled SEP event profile. Three halo CME events on May 12, 1997, November 4, 1997 and December 13, 2006 are used to test the modeling approach. While challenges arise in the identification and characterization of the shocks in the MHD model results, this approach illustrates the importance to SEP event modeling of globally simulating the underlying heliospheric event. The results also suggest the potential utility of such a model for forcasting and for interpretation of separated multipoint measurements such as those expected from the STEREO mission.     

Comparison of the transport codes HZETRN,HETC and FLUKA for a solar particle event

The protection of astronauts and instrumentation from galactic cosmic rays and solar particle events is one of the primary constraints associated with mission planning in low earth orbit or deep space. To help satisfy this constraint, several computational tools have been developed to analyze the effectiveness of various shielding materials and structures exposed to space radiation. These tools are now being carefully scrutinized through a systematic effort of verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification. In this benchmark study, the deterministic transport code HZETRN is compared to the Monte Carlo transport codes HETC-HEDS and FLUKA for a 30 g/cm² water target protected by a 20 g/cm² aluminum shield exposed to a parameterization of the February 1956 solar particle event. Neutron and proton fluences as well as dose and dose equivalent are compared at various depths in the water target. The regions of agreement and disagreement between the three codes are quantified and discussed, and recommendations for future work are given.     

On radiation belt dynamics during magnetic storms

Temporal variations of the radiation belt particle during the magnetic storms are investigated using measurements by the low altitude satellite spectrometer. Along with several known effects, such as the outer radiation belt intensity decrease at the main phase, the radial diffusion with the particle acceleration and the recovery of the radiation belt during the recovery phase, some less known features were investigated, such as the dawn–dusk asymmetry of the radiation belt.     

颗粒分布对绕流的影响

通过改进的格子Boltzmann方法对二维单颗粒绕流过程进行数值模拟，获得单颗粒分布在不同位置时出流速度的大小。同时，结合遗传算法与模拟退火算法导出遗传模拟退火算法，并将之用于优化颗粒分布，最终获得出流速度最小的单颗粒分布。所给数值算例验证了方法的有效性和可靠性。     

管式电除尘器中粉尘颗粒运动轨迹的数值模拟

对管式电除尘器中的气固两相流动流场进行数值模拟 ,实质上是研究粉尘颗粒在有电场力作用下的运动轨迹。计算中 ,将气相作为连续介质 ,采用 K- ε双方程湍流模型 ,并用 SIMPL E算法对流场进行数值模拟 ;将固相作为离散体系 ,采用颗粒轨迹法计算其运动轨迹。计算时分别选取 4种电压、4种气流速度和 4种颗粒直径为计算工况 ,计算结果显示出颗粒运动特性和除尘效率 ,并指出其与电压、气流速度和颗粒粒径等 3个主要因素相关。计算结果与实验较为一致 ,表明文中提出的理论模型可用于管式电除尘器中颗粒运动的数值模拟 ,对电除尘器的研究和设计有重要的指导意义     

复合式旋翼飞行器多目标控制分配策略

针对复合式旋翼飞行器操纵冗余多模式切换控制问题,提出一种基于赋权多目标混合优化的控制分配策略。该策略根据复合式旋翼飞行器过渡模式舵面操纵特性,建立飞行器带约束过渡过程控制分配模型;设计混合多目标优化性能指标评价函数,有效处理操纵量控制受限、交叉强耦合及非线性特性,并减少舵面耗能;采用改进的粒子群优化算法动态更新操纵量及控制通道的权系数矩阵,提高控制面操纵效率,加快优化搜索速度,快速求解过渡过程多目标控制分配变量。该策略实现复合式旋翼飞行器模式切换过渡过程实时有效地操纵量控制分配,保证飞行器快速准确跟踪控制指令的能力。同时,通过多目标控制分配策略,飞行控制系统不需要增加额外的模式切换控制器,降低系统设计难度,提高安全性。     

基于逆向射流抑制封严篦齿泄漏流动的数值及实验研究

针对一直通型篦齿通道进行了二维数值模拟,建立了9种封严结构模型,重点研究了位置和角度变化时逆向射流对篦齿内部流场的影响,探讨了不同模型下篦齿前后压比与泄漏系数的关系,发现各工况下的逆向射流在一定程度上都能够增强篦齿的封严效果,并且射流角度越小,密封性能越佳,射流位置在第一节齿腔中间时,抑制泄漏的效果最佳,当射流角为45°,射流位置在第一齿腔中间时,泄漏系数相对不带逆向射流时能够降低11.5%。在此基础上,进行了带逆向射流的二维直通型封严篦齿实验,在不同的压比下,用PIV分别测量了3种射流角度和3种射流位置下的篦齿通道内部流场,实验结果与数值计算变化规律一致。      

A high-order SPH method by introducing inverse kernels

The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is usually expected to be an effi-cient numerical tool for calculating the fluid-structure interactions in compressors; however, an endogenetic restriction is the problem of low-order consistency. A high-order SPH method by intro-ducing inverse kernels, which is quite easy to be implemented but efficient, is proposed for solving this restriction. The basic inverse method and the special treatment near boundary are introduced with also the discussion of the combination of the Least-Square (LS) and Moving-Least-Square (MLS) methods. Then detailed analysis in spectral space is presented for people to better under-stand this method. Finally we show three test examples to verify the method behavior.