基于参数化模型和遗传算法的复合材料加筋壁板结构选型优化研究

针对复合材料加筋壁板的结构优化选型问题,采用辅助层压板和添加极小弹性模量材料的复合材料加筋壁板有限元建模方法,应用PATRAN/NASTRAN的参数化建模功能和遗传算法相结合的复合材料加筋壁板的优化方法,对5种复合材料结构形式进行了从2000N/mm到6000N/mm压缩载荷下的结构优化分析。结果表明,当载荷小于4500N/mm时,最有效的加筋壁板结构型式为J型;当压缩载荷大于4500N/mm时,最有效的加筋壁板结构型式为I型。     

航空维修人为差错理论分类和对比研究

通过对航空维修人为差错理论的梳理和比较，将航空界已形成的主要人为差错理论分成三类：个人学派、组织学派和系统学派．并对各理论的研究视角、特点、优点和局限性进行了归纳和对比。     

数值模拟方法对NASA CRM模型阻力预测的影响

在复杂工程外形的数值模拟中，网格类型、规模和分布、湍流模型、数值格式等都会不同程度影响模拟结果。如何评估这些模拟方法对模拟结果的影响，并识别对模拟结果影响较显著的因素，对于CFD的发展方向有积极的借鉴指导意义。为了综合研究不同因素对商用运输机外形阻力预测的影响，以AIAA第六届阻力预测会议外形NASA CRM为研究对象，同时考虑了网格、湍流模型、无黏通量格式和体心梯度求解方法等因素对阻力预测的影响。分析中采用枚举法和正交试验设计两种方法，并使用了基于聚类分析的定性敏感性分析方法和基于Mckay主影响分析的定量方法，识别出对阻力预测影响较大的因素，这为数值模拟方法的发展指明了方向。     

HTPB官能度数学模型建立

为了研究自由基型液体端羟基聚丁二烯预聚物(HTPB)体系官能度分布情况,对其化学合成中自由电子转移情况进行了分析,并通过数学统计的方法对其官能度分布进行理论数值模拟,建立了适用于自由基型HTPB官能度分布的函数关系式,并与GPC所测结果进行对比。结果显示,计算所得函数关系式与测试数据吻合结果较好,数值模拟结果准确性较高;自由基聚合生产的不同批次的HTPB官能度分布存在较大差异,单官能度分子含量可从5%~24%,二官能度分子的含量可从50%~81%;利用数学统计得到的函数关系,可将复杂的HTPB官能度测试转变为简单的分子量分布测试。     

A surface parametric control and global optimization method for axial flow compressor blades

An aerodynamic optimization method for axial flow compressor blades available for engineering is developed in this paper. Bezier surface is adopted as parameterization method to control the suction surface of the blades, which brings the following advantages:(A) significantly reducing design variables;(B) easy to ensure the mechanical strength of rotating blades;(C) better physical understanding;(D) easy to achieve smooth surface. The Improved Artificial Bee Colony(IABC) algorithm, which significantly increases the convergence speed and global optimization ability, is adopted to find the optimal result. A new engineering optimization tool is constructed by combining the surface parametric control method, the IABC algorithm, with a verified Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) simulation method, and it has been successfully applied in the aerodynamic optimization for a single-row transonic rotor(Rotor 37) and a single-stage transonic axialflow compressor(Stage 35). With the constraint that the relative change in the flow rate is less than0.5% and the total pressure ratio does not decrease, within the acceptable time in engineering, the adiabatic efficiency of Rotor 37 at design point increases by 1.02%, while its surge margin 0.84%,and the adiabatic efficiency of Stage 35 0.54%, while its surge margin 1.11% after optimization, to verify the effectiveness and potential in engineering of this new tool for optimization of axial compressor blade.     

HED-21S数控综合实验台画笔自动控制机构设计

以数控系统的PLC控制为基础,设计HED-21S机械笔控制系统结构,它可控制电磁铁的动作,执行画笔的上下运动。这支笔在X、Z型十字窗格可以绘制任意几何形状,该设计符合要求的快速定位数控直线移动,及圆弧插补功能,有助于提高数控编程效率和数控教学质量。     

动力失效对起飞纵向气动特性影响数值研究

研究民用飞机动力失效对飞机起飞阶段纵向气动特性的影响规律及其机理,对保证飞机有效操纵和安全飞行具有重要意义.采用在点对点多块结构化网格系统上求解三维可压缩雷诺平均N-S方程的数值方法,研究发动机动力失效对某民用飞机起飞构型纵向气动特性的影响.通过DLR-F11模型验证研究方法对民用飞机高升力构型气动特性的预测能力;针对安装动力短舱的某翼吊涡扇发动机民用飞机起飞构型,通过对比其发动机在正常工况和失效时飞机气动特性的差异,得出动力失效对飞机纵向气动特性的影响规律及机理.结果表明:动力失效后,不但溢流效应会使飞机阻力系数增大;还会导致发动机进、排气特性较正常工作状态明显不同,恶化短舱附近流场,对飞机的升力、失速特性带来不利影响.     

离心叶轮全三维反问题方法设计误差稳定性研究

用流线曲率全三维反问题方法和引入滑移因子模型的准三维流线曲率反问题方法设计了叶片数不同的和增压比不同的小型高速离心叶轮.用商用计算流体力学(CFD)求解器估算了这些叶轮的性能.对比了这两种反问题方法的设计误差稳定性,考察了分流叶片对设计误差的影响.结果表明,流线曲率全三维反问题方法能够根据叶片负荷对叶片设计做出恰当调整.较准三维反问题方法,流线曲率全三维反问题方法所设计叶轮的增压比普遍偏高.随叶片负荷增加,较准三维反问题方法,流线曲率全三维反问题方法的设计误差变化较小,即其设计误差稳定性明显较好.分流叶片对准三维反问题方法设计结果的影响明显较小.      

Effect of blade tip winglet on the performance of a highly loaded transonic compressor rotor

The tip leakage flow has an important influence on the performance of transonic com-pressor. Blade tip winglet has been proved to be an effective method to control the tip leakage flow in compressor, while the physical mechanisms of blade tip winglet have been poorly understood. A numerical study for a highly loaded transonic compressor rotor has been conducted to understand the effect of varying the location of blade tip winglet on the performance of the rotor. Two kinds of tip winglet were designed and investigated. The effects of blade tip winglet on the compressor over-all performance, stability and tip flow structure were presented and discussed. It is found that the interaction of the tip winglet with the flow in the tip region is different when the winglet is located at suction-side or pressure-side of the blade tip. Results indicate that the suction-side winglet (SW) is ineffective to improve the performance of compressor rotor. In addition, a significant stall range extension equivalent to 33.74% with a very small penalty in efficiency can be obtained by the pressure-side winglet (PW). An attempt has been made to explain the fundamental mechanisms of blade tip winglet in detail.     

超声速膨胀角入射激波/湍流边界层干扰直接数值模拟

为了揭示膨胀效应对激波/湍流边界层干扰区内复杂流动现象的影响规律,采用直接数值模拟方法对来流马赫数2.9、30°激波角的入射激波与10°膨胀角湍流边界层相互作用问题进行了数值研究。系统地探讨了激波入射点分别位于膨胀角上游、膨胀角角点和膨胀角下游3种工况下膨胀角干扰区内若干基本流动现象,如分离泡、物面压力脉动及激波非定常运动、湍流边界层统计特性和相干结构动力学过程等。结果表明,激波入射点流向位置改变对分离区流向和法向尺度的影响显著,尤其是当激波入射点位于角点及其下游区域。研究发现,膨胀角干扰区内物面压力脉动强度急剧减小,分离区内压力波向下游传播速度将降低而在膨胀区内将升高,膨胀效应极大地抑制了分离激波的低频振荡运动。相较于入射激波与平板湍流边界层干扰,入射激波流向位置改变对膨胀角再附区速度剖面对数区及尾迹区影响显著,将导致其内层结构参数升高而外层降低,近壁区内将呈现远离一组元湍流状态的趋势。此外,流向速度脉动场本征正交分解分析指出,主模态空间结构集中在分离激波及剪切层根部附近而高阶模态以边界层内小尺度正负交替脉动结构为主。低阶重构流场结果表明,前者对应为分离泡低频膨胀/收缩过程而后者表征为分离泡高频脉动。