旋转通道内流阻特性实验的实现与验证

针对涡轮叶片的蛇形内冷通道内流阻特性的研究,在北京航空航天大学航空发动机气动热力国家级重点实验室的旋转涡轮叶片内冷通道换热实验台上构建了旋转工况的测压系统.该测压系统具有高精度、多路选通、高压高旋转数等特点.在通道进口雷诺数从20000~70000,旋转数从0~1.025的范围内,实验研究了旋转状态下,冷态与热态流场下方形截面光滑U形通道流阻系数.实验结果与国外同类实验对比验证了构建的实验系统的可靠性和优越性.实验结果表明:低雷诺数下静止工况的流阻随雷诺数增大而增大,并在雷诺数增大到一定值后转而减小.冷态下流阻随旋转数增大而增大,低旋转数下旋转对热态流阻影响并不显著,高旋转数下热态流阻随旋转数增大而显著增大.      

A review of recent studies on rotating internal cooling for gas turbine blades

Gas turbines have been used extensively for aircraft and marine propulsions as well as land-based power generation because of their high thermal efficiency and large power to weight ratios. To further increase the thermal efficiency, numerous prior researches on gas turbine blade internal cooling have been intensively carried out, majorly under stationary conditions. However, the stationary studies neglect the effects of Coriolis and buoyancy forces, which should change the velocity, turbulence and temperature distribution under rotating conditions. To elucidate the rotational effects on gas turbine internal cooling, the extensive results collected from recent investigations are discussed, which include the rotation and buoyancy effects on the rib turbulated cooling, pin fin cooling, jet impingement cooling, dimple/protrusion cooling, latticework cooling as well as swirl cooling. The rotational effects on the friction factors and the most employed experimental and numerical methods are also presented. Moreover, recommendations for future research are outlined. Therefore, this review article provides extensive literature information for the design of the next-generation high-efficiency internal cooling for rotating turbine blades.     

浮升混合飞艇气动性能及总体参数分析

为了兼顾飞艇的气动性能和浮升特性,充分发挥二者的优势,并增强可控性,提出了一种基于NACA高升力翼型的组合嚢体式混合飞艇气动布局.采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法建立混合飞艇FLUENT计算模型,数值模拟了它在不同速度和迎角下的升阻特性、纵向静稳定性及浮升特性,并进行了总体性能评估,最后将其与常规飞艇进行了对比.结果表明:该组合嚢体飞艇布局具有较好的气动性能和效率,相同条件下提供的动升力为常规飞艇的3倍;当飞行速度大于26 m/s时,混合飞艇总升力效率开始大于常规飞艇,能够提供更好的浮升特性.此外,相同设计载荷下混合飞艇的外形尺寸更小,有利于增加有效载荷,可为低空大型混合飞艇的研发提供参考.      

一种空间极低温吸附制冷机的设计与实现

针对极低温吸附制冷技术的热沉制冷系统,系统分析了极低温吸附制冷的特性,研究了热沉温度对极低温吸附制冷性能的影响,研制了一台极低温吸附制冷机样机,工质气体为氦4,在1.5W@4.2K G-M制冷机基础上实现了50μW@0.8K的制冷性能,验证了基于机械制冷系统的更高热沉温度技术的可行性,这一成果为深空探测和载人空间站相关研究提供了技术支撑。     

多孔C/C材料发汗冷却实验研究

发汗冷却是解决高超声速飞行器关键部位热防护问题的有效方法,文章开展了以未完全致密化C/C材料作为多孔介质、水作为冷却剂的发汗冷却实验研究。设计并制备了发汗冷却平头实验模型,分别在热流密度1.1 MW/m2和1.45 MW/m2的氧-丙烷热结构考核条件下,通过测量模型内外壁温度响应,评估其发汗冷却速率。实验结果表明,冷却剂的引入极大地降低了模型内外壁温度,外壁面冷却速率高达8.8℃/s以上,未出现明显烧蚀现象。内壁面温度均保持在水沸点100℃以下,达到了可重复使用、耐长时加热的热防护要求,进一步表明了发汗冷却的巨大应用潜力。     

影响气冷式个体热防护装备致冷力的因素分析

个体气冷系统是一种致冷有效、穿着舒适的热防护装备,在设计和使用中 提高其致冷效率是至关重要的。从工程和生理上分析了影响个体气冷系统致冷力的多种 因素,包括供气温度、湿度、流量以及它们之间的相互关系、致冷面积、流量分配、隔热性 能等。得出了提高蒸发性和对流性两类通风服致冷力和舒适性的方法。为不同工况下合理设 计和选用气冷式个体热防护装备,使之具有更高的人机工效和更好的舒适性提供了参考和借 鉴作用。〖JP〗     

排气液化循环发动机推力室性能计算研究

用双流管方法分析了液膜对排气液化循环发动机推力室性能的影响。推导了发动机壁面的修正方法,给出了主燃烧区参数、边区流管参数与壁面修正、中心流管性能与双流管性能的计算模型。研究结果表明:液膜冷却会导致少量的性能损失;与常规一维流动不同,双流管的壁面修正不可忽略。     

环形级间驻涡燃烧室壁温分布试验

通过对环形驻涡燃烧室进行壁温分布试验研究,可以考察燃烧室的冷却和进气结构是否存在问题,为后续的燃烧室强度计算提供依据.试验结果表明,各工况条件下燃烧室的壁温均未超过材料的上限值,燃烧室可以长期正常工作;燃烧室的最高壁温出现在凹腔前壁面下部或凹腔上壁面中部;燃烧室壁温受主流气量、凹腔进气量、供油量的影响较大,受蒸发管蒸发用气温度的影响较小.      

Numerical simulation on a film-cooled rotating model with 30° injection holes

The flow and heat transfer characteristics were numerically investigated on a film cooling model under different rotating operating conditions.The computational model was originated from the mid-span section of a typical turbine rotor with two rows of 14 staggered injection holes angled 30° both on the suction surface and pressure surface,and the flow through the coolant plenum and all the hole-pipes were resolved as a part of the computational domain by specifying the coolant mass flux in the plenum.The computations primarily focus on under-standing the rotational effect on film cooling performance in mechanism research approach.In the present study,the Reynolds number(Re) based on mainstream velocity and injection hole diameter varied from 1835.5 to 5507.4,and the averaged blowing ratio(M) ranges of 0.5 to 1.5.Results show that the coolant will move on to the high-radius locations near the suction and pressure surfaces due to the strong centrifugal effect,which leads to the decrease in adiabatic effectiveness accordingly.The discharge coefficients(Cd),on the pressure surface,are much higher than that on the suction surface under a given operating condition.In addition,the critical values of angular speed which represent the equilibrium of centrifugal force and Coriolis force near the pressure surface are also presented.      

新型孔结构对气膜冷却效率的影响

通过对不同孔间距模型的气膜冷却现象的流动和换热进行数值计算,得到了不同吹风比下,展向和流向间距对冷却效率的影响规律。研究结果表明,在主流雷诺数为4797,吹风比在0.2~2.0 条件下,(1)展向方向上,存在最佳布局;(2)流向方向上,辅助孔在主孔下游较好;(3)流向方向上,辅助孔在主孔下游的模型受吹风比影响小;并且流向距离的改变,对涡量的量级不发生改变,对涡量的大小和方向影响较大。