时效对快速凝固铝锂合金组织和性能的影响

研究了时效对快速凝固Ａｌ—３．２Ｌｉ—１．２Ｍｇ—０．３Ｃｕ—０．２Ｚｒ合金拉伸性能和微观组织的影响。结果表明,低温长时间时效达到接近峰值状态,合金的综合性能优于高温短时间时效达到峰值状态的综合性能。合金中主要强化相为δ＇（Ａｌ３Ｌｉ）相,Ｃｕ、Ｍｇ起固溶强化。合金中Ｚｒ主要以亚稳态的Ａｌ３Ｚｒ存在,并同时与δ＇相形成（δ＇／Ａｌ３Ｚｒ）相。文中讨论了影响合金塑性的因素,指出界面析出相是快速凝固Ａｌ—Ｌｉ合金中值得重视的问题。     

残余V元素对1Cr18Ni9Ti钢板组织与性能的影响

通过试验详细论述了1Cr18Ni9Ti钢中不同残余V含量对材料固溶状态的组织及400℃、500℃长期时效后对组织、晶间腐蚀和室温、高温性能的影响。从而得出结论适量V的存在对1Cr18Ni9Ti钢板组织影响不大,对抗晶间腐蚀性能稍有提高,对室温、高温抗拉强度、屈服强度稍有提高,塑性稍有降低。     

Corrosion Properties of Light-weight and High-strength 2195 Al-Li Alloy

The intergranular corrosion and exfoliation corrosion of 2195 Al-Li alloy treated by multi-step heating-rate controlled aging (MSRC) are studied. The corrosion features of 2195 Al-Li alloys which are respectively treated by high-temperature nucleation MSRC (H-M) and low-temperature nucleation MSRC (L-M) are contrasted. And the corrosion mechanism of 2195 Al-Li alloy is also discussed from the viewpoint of microstructure (types, distribution, etc.) of the strengthening phase. The results show that 2195 Al-Li alloy after H-M is more susceptible to intergranular corrosion and exfoliation corrosion than that of alloy after L-M. The degree of intergranular corrosion increases with the increase of predeformation amount and the surface parallel to the rolling direction is more prone to exfoliation corrosion. The main reason of intergranular corrosion and exfoliation corrosion is the for-mation of corrosion galvanic couples among T1 phase, ?θ’ phase and grain boundary precipitate-free zones (PFZ).     

航天橡胶密封材料及制品贮存寿命评估技术进展

橡胶密封材料是航天器重要的组成部件,但受复杂的服役环境影响,有不断老化的趋势和失效风险。因此,橡胶密封材料的贮存寿命研究具有重要意义。本文结合橡胶密封材料在航天产品上的应用,介绍了其贮存寿命评估技术的研究现状及主要技术途径,分析了密封橡胶材料的加速贮存典型寿命预测方法,并依据航天探索的实际迫切需求对未来研究方向进行展望。     

湿热老化后碳纤维复合材料层间剪切强度实验方法对比研究

通过短梁法和双切口法研究湿热老化对T700/TDE-85复合材料层间剪切强度的影响,讨论两者吸湿规律随老化时间的变化关系,并对试件断口形貌进行分析。结果表明:两种试件吸湿规律均符合Fick第二定律,但两者平衡吸湿率和吸湿时间有所差别,双切口法试件的吸湿速率和平衡吸湿率均比短梁法试件高;双切口试件所测层间剪切强度受湿热老化影响比短梁明显,短梁试件每隔500 h层间剪切强度保持率为74.5%,61.0%,53.2%,50.6%,双切口每隔500 h层间剪切强度保持率为60.9%,38.3%,42.6%,33.0%;短梁试件失效模式随着湿热老化时间的增长变化比双切口更为复杂。     

7003 铝合金双级双峰时效工艺优化

设计了L9(34)的双级时效正交试验方案,系统地研究了双级双峰时效工艺、时效硬化特性和力学性能.结果表明:终时效对合金的力学性能具有决定性的影响,合金的硬度、强度对终时效温度最敏感,合金的塑韧性则对终时效时间最敏感;利用“双峰”特征对正交试验所得的具有高塑性、高韧性的相对最佳工艺进行强度优化,发现对应不同的目标性能,有最优双级时效工艺与之相应,并没有发现各性能指标同时达到最大值的理论最优工艺,只能获取一种相对的最优工艺,即在保证接近单级峰时效强度的前提下选择塑、韧性最佳的工艺——105℃/4 h+155℃/70 h.     

国外老龄化飞机结构健康监控方法

由于经济原因,国外多国军方都不得不通过延长现役飞机的寿命来维持老龄化飞机的使用。老龄化飞机在机身、蒙皮、支撑件、起落架和装配托架等位置可能出现金属疲劳裂纹,而且腐蚀影响也会使材料性能降低至失效临界点。本文旨在讨论通过有效的结构健康监控手段与方法,实现基于状态的维修,基于此提出的综合变化检测方法将有助于飞机寿命的延长。     

Age differences in adults' spatial abilities,learning environmental layout,and wayfinding behavior

Empirical relations among age, general spatialability as assessed by psychometric tests,wayfinding-related skills as assessed byexperimental tasks in the laboratory,environmental layout learning as assessed in afield experiment, and wayfinding behavior asobserved in a field experiment were modeled ina study involving 120 younger and 120 olderadults. The best-fitting model showed thatage-related differences in learningenvironmental layout were significantly, butnot exclusively, mediated by a single abilityfactor defined by psychometric tests. Knowledge of environmental layout was theexclusive mediator between general spatialability and wayfinding behavior. Thus, agedifferences in psychometric test performancewere found to be a major factor in accountingfor aging-related decline in learningenvironmental layout, but other variables notassessed in this study also play a significantrole.     

TB17钛合金等温时效析出行为

采用X射线衍射( XRD)、透射电子显微镜( TEM)、光学显微镜( OM)等对新型超高强韧 TB17钛合金次生α相转变动力学进行研究。实验结果表明,该合金经β相区固溶,520℃不同保温时间时效后,片层次生α相在β相基体上析出、形核、长大,并且与基体具有柏氏共格关系。短时时效后次生α相呈针状,随着保温时间延长,次生α相粗化呈短棒状。析出相含量对TB17钛合金强化具有重要影响,TB17钛合金在完全析出过程中,次生α相含量增加,时效硬化作用增加。 TB17钛合金次生α相等温相变动力学采用 JMAK方程进行描述。