舱外航天服热试验外热流模拟方法研究

出舱行走所必需的舱外航天服具有复杂外表面形状,其空间外热流极其复杂。文章对舱外航天服在热试验中所采用的外热流模拟方法进行了对比分析研究,结合航天服的特点对热试验中外热流模拟的方式进行了探讨, 论证了用接触式电加热片及红外加热笼两种外热流施加方式的可行性,并通过分析的手段对不同热试验方法中施加的热流和太空中的热流大小及分布进行了对比。     

摇摆框组件的工程优化设计

摇摆框组件是空间摇摆推力系统的重要组件。通过风险评估,对组件进行工程优化,详细规定MCP,再次通过试验论证工程优化后的组件能在现有的加工环境下满足设计的功能要求,并得出了对类似组件的工程优化过程和解决方案。     

一种线运动扰动环境下基于惯性凝固系抗干扰自对准优化算法研究

传统惯性凝固性对准技术可有效隔离角运动干扰环境对捷联惯导自对准精度的影响,但对线运动环境下的抗干扰能力不足.据此,在深入分析线运动干扰对捷联惯导惯性凝固系下自对准精度影响途径之上,对线运动干扰环境划分为速度周期波动、突跳以及速度短期线性漂移.提出采用积分降噪、载体惯性系速度递推拟合与基于带遗忘因子递推最小二乘的速度慢漂提取技术相结合的抗干扰自对准优化算法,并进行了试验验证.试验结果表明,本算法可在5min内实现1.3mil的抗干扰自对准精度.     

The International DORIS Service (IDS): Toward maturity

DORIS is one of the four space-geodetic techniques participating in the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS), particularly to maintain and disseminate the Terrestrial Reference Frame as determined by International Earth rotation and Reference frame Service (IERS). A few years ago, under the umbrella of the International Association of Geodesy, a DORIS International Service (IDS) was created in order to foster international cooperation and to provide new scientific products. This paper addresses the organizational aspects of the IDS and presents some recent DORIS scientific results. It is for the first time that, in preparation of the ITRF2008, seven Analysis Centers (AC’s) contributed to derive long-term time series of DORIS stations positions. These solutions were then combined into a homogeneous time series IDS-2 for which a precision of less than 10 mm was obtained. Orbit comparisons between the various AC’s showed an excellent agreement in the radial component, both for the SPOT satellites (e.g. 0.5–2.1 cm RMS for SPOT-2) and Envisat (0.9–2.1 cm RMS), using different software packages, models, corrections and analysis strategies. There is now a wide international participation within IDS that should lead to future improvements in DORIS analysis strategies and DORIS-derived geodetic products.     

主/从动式组合旋翼悬停状态气动特性分析

针对传统直升机构型中主旋翼旋转时产生的扭矩需要尾翼或是反向旋转的共轴旋翼加以抵消,从而造成能量浪费的问题,以将主旋翼旋转时产生的扭矩转化为升力为出发点,提出了一种主旋翼带动下方无动力旋翼旋转的主/从动式组合旋翼气动布局构型。通过动量叶素理论以及CFD数值模拟中的多重参考系法,对主/从动式组合旋翼悬停状态的气动特性进行了初步分析,结果表明,此构型中的下方从动旋翼利用上方主动旋翼的扭矩产生了额外10%的升力,同时下方从动旋翼在上方主动旋翼引流的有利干扰下升力系数提高了35%。     

IDS contribution to ITRF2008

For the first time, the International DORIS Service (IDS) has produced a technique level combination based on the contributions of seven analysis centers (ACs), including the European Space Operations Center (ESOC), Geodetic Observatory Pecny (GOP), Geoscience Australia (GAU), the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), the Institut Géographique National (IGN), the Institute of Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences (INASAN, named as INA), and CNES/CLS (named as LCA). The ACs used five different software packages to process the DORIS data from 1992 to 2008, including NAPEOS (ESA), Bernese (GOP), GEODYN (GAU, GSC), GIPSY/OASIS (INA), and GINS (LCA). The data from seven DORIS satellites, TOPEX/Poseidon, SPOT-2, SPOT-3, SPOT-4, SPOT-5, Envisat and Jason-1 were processed and all the analysis centers produced weekly SINEX files in either variance–covariance or normal equation format. The processing by the analysis centers used the latest GRACE-derived gravity models, forward modelling of atmospheric gravity, updates to the radiation pressure modelling to improve the DORIS geocenter solutions, denser parameterization of empirically determined drag coefficients to improve station and EOP solutions, especially near the solar maximum in 2001–2002, updated troposphere mapping functions, and an ITRF2005-derived station set for orbit determination, DPOD2005. The CATREF software was used to process the weekly AC solutions, and produce three iterations of an IDS global weekly combination. Between the development of the initial solution IDS-1, and the final solution, IDS-3, the ACs improved their analysis strategies and submitted updated solutions to eliminate troposphere-derived biases in the solution scale, to reduce drag-related degradations in station positioning, and to refine the estimation strategy to improve the combination geocenter solution. An analysis of the frequency content of the individual AC geocenter and scale solutions was used as the basis to define the scale and geocenter of the IDS-3 combination. The final IDS-3 combination has an internal position consistency (WRMS) that is 15 to 20 mm before 2002 and 8 to 10 mm after 2002, when 4 or 5 satellites contribute to the weekly solutions. The final IDS-3 combination includes solutions for 130 DORIS stations on 67 different sites of which 35 have occupations over 16 years (1993.0–2009.0). The EOPs from the IDS-3 combination were compared with the IERS 05 C04 time series and the RMS agreement was 0.24 mas and 0.35 mas for the X and Y components of polar motion. The comparison to ITRF2005 in station position shows an agreement of 6 to 8 mm RMS in horizontal and 10.3 mm in height. The RMS comparison to ITRF2005 in station velocity is at 1.8 mm/year on the East component, to 1.2 mm/year in North component and 1.6 mm/year in height.     

Cutting the bread

Why the draft Treaty on the Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space, the Threat or Use of Force Against Outer Space Objects (PPWT) will not work - whereas the Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities may.     

空间开发中的国际合作机制问题

回顾国际空间合作历史及相关问题。以法国国家科学研究中心研究为例，对未来国际空间开发合作机制进行了实验性探讨，分析了俄、美两国空间开发中的不同主张及合作前景。     

轻型塔架挠度速算法

本文介绍了轻型塔架的挠度速算法,并以三角形截面的钢塔架为例题作了计算公式推导。这种方法具有计算简单和具有足够精度的优点。     

变背景下斑点状散布目标自动识别算法

从自动目标识别原理出发,通过对变背景下斑点状散布目标特性的分析,发现了该类目标图像中背景、噪声和斑点状散布目标的固有规律。进而,从图像像素灰度这一最基本的要素着手,研究了如何在大量的序列图像中搜索目标帧位置的方法。然后,基于目标轮廓提取和串行边界分割技术,解决了变背景下斑点状散布目标自动识别的难题。实验结果证明:该算法具有高效、快速、稳定、适用等优点,并为相关领域内的应用提供了宝贵的参考价值。