超音轴向分速风扇/压气机叶栅流动特征分析

本文介绍了三种带冲波的超音轴向分速叶型设计,及其叶栅流场计算,分析了这些叶栅流场特征。在计算的反压条件下,全部波系均控制在槽道内,叶栅槽道内存在不同大小的轴向分速超音区,这种叶型叶栅可承受的增压比高,总压恢复系数较低,这类叶栅的性能和流动特征尚缺少实验数据和理论分析。     

Characteristic analysis of lock-in for an elastically suspended airfoil in transonic buffet flow

Numerical simulations are performed to study the aeroelastic responses of an elastically suspended airfoil in transonic buffet flow, by coupling the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and structural motion equation. The current work focuses on the char-acteristic analysis of the lock-in phenomenon. Great attentions are paid to studying the frequency range of lock-in and the effects of the three parameters, namely the structural natural frequency, mass ratio and structural damping, on lock-in characteristic of the elastic system in detail. It is found that when the structural natural frequency is close to the buffet frequency, the coupling fre-quency of the elastic system is no longer equal to the buffet frequency, but keeps the same value as the structural natural frequency. The frequency lock-in occurs and stays present until the structural nature frequency is near the double buffet frequency. It means that the lock-in presents within a broad range, of which the lower threshold is near the buffet frequency, while the upper threshold is near the double buffet frequency. Moreover, the frequency range of lock-in is affected by mass ratio and structural damping. The lower the mass ratio and structural damping are, the wider the range of lock-in will be. The upper threshold of lock-in grows with the mass ratio and structural damping decreasing, but the lower threshold always keeps the same.     

高强化活塞振荡冷却的场协同分析

数值模拟了高强化活塞内冷油腔中机油的振荡冷却过程,定义了有效速度的概念,通过数据处理得到了内冷油腔壁面的各场参数在时间和空间上的分布规律,分析了壁面表面传热系数与场协同性能间的联系.结果表明:在面相位为60°~120°和240°~300°范围内,场协同匹配性能较好;有效速度的分布规律与协同角余弦值的分布规律一致;内冷油腔壁面表面传热系数分布规律与协同角余弦值和有效速度的分布规律一致,表明可以使用场协同机理阐述机油振荡冷却的对流换热规律.      

脉冲吹气对无缝襟翼翼型气动性能的影响

只有采用足够小的能量输入,获取更大的空气动力收益后,主动流动控制才有可能在真实飞机上获得更广泛的应用。脉冲吹气比定常吹气所需能量更少,控制效果更好,在改善翼型气动性能上得到广泛的研究。数值模拟了脉冲频率、占空比、动量系数等参数对无缝襟翼翼型升阻特性的影响规律,研究表明,脉冲频率接近于涡脱落频率时增升效果最好,当脉冲频率小于涡脱落频率时,阻力增加,当脉冲频率为涡脱落频率2倍时,阻力减小最多;动量系数较小时,占空比越小,冲击效应越强,增升效果越好;动量系数小于临界动量系数时,脉冲吹气增升效果优于定常吹气,当动量系数大于临界动量系数时,脉冲吹气控制效果低于定常吹气。研究脉冲吹气参数对翼型性能的影响规律,对采用周期性激励增升减阻、舵面增效的飞行器设计具有一定参考意义。     

Computations of unsteady transonic flow over airfoil at low Reynolds number

Transonic flow over a thin airfoil at low Reynolds number was studied numerically by directly solving two-dimensional full Navier-Stokes equations through 5th order weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO) scheme without using any turbulence model.A series of distinguished unsteady phenomena for a thin 2-D transonic airfoil flow were presented.Due to continuous adverse pressure gradient in the subsonic flow downstream of the sonic line, the unsteady separated boundary layer with main vortex and secondary vortex was developed at the rear of the airfoil.At the trailing edge,the vortex-shedding was characterized by periodical connection of the main vortex and secondary vortex on the other side of the airfoil.The unsteady separation and vortex-shedding occurred with the same period.On the airfoil surface,the average pulse pressure related to the unsteady supersonic region was obviously smaller than that related to the vortex-shedding at the trailing edge.With the attack angle increasing from 0° to 2°, the frequency of vortex-shedding decreases about 4.2%.At last, the turbulence intensity and many second-order statistics in the wake region were investigated.      

F1方程式赛车后升力翼的气动特性

以比例为1∶3的F1方程式赛车后升力翼为研究对象,研究了后升力翼攻角变化对F1方程式赛车气动阻力和气动升力的影响规律.在攻角为12°时,气动升力与气动阻力的比值的绝对值达到最大,此攻角就是F1方程式赛车后升力翼的最佳攻角,模型风洞试验验证了这一结论.      

锯齿型翼型尾缘噪声控制实验研究

翼型湍流边界层与尾缘相互作用产生的尾缘噪声是翼型自噪声的最主要分量,多年来研究者们已经在理论、数值和实验方面开展了多方面研究,但有关翼型尾缘噪声的产生机理和抑制方法仍有待深化与发展.本文利用具有全消声环境的低速开口风洞研究了采用锯齿型翼型尾缘来控制翼型噪声的方法,重点研究了不同攻角情况下不同锯齿形对翼型远声场气动噪声的影响以及翼型表面压力的影响.实验结果表明,翼型尾缘附加锯齿是一种可行的降噪方案,尤其对中低频段的远场气动噪声有比较明显的降低效果;而且,降噪效果与锯齿的齿数和齿间倒角有关.附加锯齿对翼型壁面动态载荷的影响较小,基本不影响翼型的气动性能.     

飞虫粘附翼型对翼型气动特性影响的实验研究

在西北工业大学NF-3低速风洞进行了飞虫粘附翼型对翼型气动性能影响的风洞实验研究。结果表明：模型表面粘附的飞虫数量累计到一定程度时,将会导致翼型表面50%区域以上的面积发生分离,引起翼型失速,并且实验前模型表面的飞虫数量会改变翼型的失速迎角,因此实验前必须将模型擦拭干净。鉴于飞虫粘着数量的不确定性,对于翼型在复杂环境下使用时其气动性能的变化需要加以关注。     

基于分数阶Maxwell模型的振荡流传热特性分析

经求解基于分数阶Maxwell模型的粘弹性流体在周期性振荡压力梯度下,圆直管内的运动方程和能量方程,得到了振荡管流换热的速度分布、温度分布以及热扩散系数的解析解形式.通过对无量纲热扩散系数的分析可知,影响粘弹性流体管内振荡流轴向换热的无量纲参数有:Womersley数Wo、Deborah数De、无量纲振幅Δx/R和流体普朗特数Pr.分数阶Maxwell模型振荡流传热也存在粘弹性流体流动中存在的共振现象,且共振峰的数量随De数的减小而增加,发生共振的起始频率随De数的减小而降低.共振峰值出现的位置即频率值与Pr和无量纲振幅Δx/R无关.     

直升机旋翼翼型动态失速特性试验研究

针对CH-9.5旋翼翼型,开展了不同马赫数、迎角及振动频率下的静态和动态气动特性实验,介绍了试验测量方法、试验结果处理步骤,测量了不同状态、不同参数时的翼型动态失速特性,给出了迟滞环区域随马赫数、迎角及振动频率的变化规律,所得的试验结果为理论模型提供了验证依据。