地面效应下的不同翼型亚声速气动特性分析

采用数值方法研究了亚声速地面效应条件下不同翼型的气动特性,进一步以Ma=0.5来流工况为例,研究了翼型参数和飞行高度对气动特性的影响。计算结果表明在Ma为0.5、迎角为6°的地效情况下,翼型弯度减小,更容易在翼型前缘产生激波阻力;翼型下翼面后缘弯度增大使得后缘压力更高,升力系数和低头力矩相应增大;随着飞行高度的减小,地效作用加强,翼型下翼面压力增大,下翼面的升力增量大于上翼面吸力损失,机翼升力系数和升阻比增加越来越显著。     

基于声学风洞的麦克风阵列测试技术应用研究

根据声学风洞气动噪声试验研究的需求,介绍了一种适用于声学风洞试验的麦克风阵列测试技术,并针对声学风洞的特点,利用风洞射流剪切层修正方法,提高了麦克风阵列识别声源的精准度.通过数值仿真和在0.55m×0.4m声学风洞的试验研究,验证了麦克风阵列测试系统和麦克风阵列数据处理方法识别声源的能力.研究结果表明所采用的麦克风阵列测试技术可用于声学风洞试验.最后还采用36通道的麦克风阵列在0.55m×0.4m声学风洞开展了NACA23018翼型气动噪声试验研究,试验明显地观察到翼型后缘噪声,获得不同迎角下翼型的噪声特性.     

风力机翼型动态测压试验技术研究

结合国家高技术研究发展计划课题“风力机先进翼型族的设计与试验研究”,针对动态试验设备研制、数据采集和处理方法,在西北工业大学1.6m×3.0m低速翼型风洞(NF-3风洞)开展了风力机翼型动态测压试验技术的研究.采用S809风力机翼型模型,在雷诺数0.75×106和1.4×106、迎角-2°~+18°条件下,通过改变模型3个平均迎角、3个振荡频率和2个振幅角等状态,进行了动态测压试验,并与静态测压及国外试验结果进行了对比.结果表明:NF-3风洞研制的试验设备,采用的数据采集和处理方法能够应用于风力机翼型的动态测压试验,并可推广应用于其他的翼型动态测压试验研究.     

低速通用飞机机翼低成本精细化设计

针对低速通用飞机升阻特性的低成本精细化设计,通过合理地简化模型,建立了一种将翼型升阻比曲线斜率作为附加设计约束的机翼工程优化设计方法。基于该优化设计方法,利用低成本快速设计分析工具开展了优化设计,并对设计方法及结果进行了风洞试验验证。试验结果表明,所提方法能够有效提高机翼最大升阻比,同时使最大升阻比对应的升力系数逼近巡航工况,进一步挖掘了低速通用飞机的经济性潜力。     

Numerical study of a supercritical airfoil/wing with variable-camber technology

Variable-camber technology is considered an effective way to adaptively improve the aerodynamic performance of aircraft under various flight conditions. This paper studies the aerodynamic characteristics of the trailing-edge variable-camber technology by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and a drag decomposition method. Trailing-edge variable-camber technology can be simply realized by the continuous deflection of the flaps and ailerons of a wing. A supercritical airfoil is used to study the two-dimensional effect of variable-camber technology, and a wide-body airplane model is used to validate the three-dimensional improvement in the wing's airfoil made by variable-camber technology. An optimization strategy for airfoil that incorporates variable-camber technology is proposed. The optimization results demonstrate that the proposed method can obtain better results than the traditional segregated shape optimization.     

布泽曼双翼及其壅塞问题研究

为了降低超音速飞行时产生的波阻,通过斜激波基本公式建立了设计马赫数为2的布泽曼双翼翼型,借助CFD软件计算其升阻特性,并与菱形单翼翼型作对比,同时分析了在非设计条件下布泽曼双翼翼型的壅塞问题.结果表明,布泽曼双翼在设计马赫数下,其波阻较传统菱形单翼降低90％,壅塞问题也得到很好地解决.     

基于深度学习的翼型反设计方法

建立了一种基于深度学习的翼型反设计方法,将翼型曲线及其对应的压力分布图像作为训练学习对象,建立其内在联系的模型,实现通过卷积神经网络提取压力分布图像的特征,计算获得翼型曲线。该方法直接将压力分布图像作为模型输入,更加直观简洁,同时避免了传统方法中耗时的数值计算过程。模型测试中,6 000组压力分布图像和翼型曲线用于模型训练,另外561组用于模型验证,验证耗时仅67 s,预测的翼型曲线与CFD计算结果的平均相对误差为055%。对比实验中,通过对压力分布曲线添加噪声、改变输出层尺寸等方式,进一步验证和分析了预测模型性能。结果表明该翼型反设计方法具有较高预测精度和较强鲁棒性,能在保证精度的情况下降低计算时间,提高设计效率。     

Effect of flexibility on unsteady aerodynamics forces of a purely plunging airfoil

Introducing flexibility into the design of a vertically flapping wing is an effective way to enhance its aerodynamic performance. As less previous studies on the aerodynamics of vertically flapping flexible wings focused on the lift generated in a wide range of angle of attack·a 2D numerical simulation of a purely plunging flexible airfoil is employed using a loose fluid–structure interaction method. The aerodynamics of a fully flexible airfoil are firstly studied with the flexibility and angle of attack. To verify whether an airfoil could get aerodynamic benefit from the change in structure, partially flexible airfoil with rigid leading edge and flexible trailing edge were further considered. Results show that flexibility could always reduce airfoil drag while lift and lift efficiency both peak at moderate flexibility. When freestream velocity is constant, lift is maximized at a high angle of attack about 40° while this optimal angle of attack reduces to 15° in drag-balanced status. The airfoil drag reduction, lift augmentation as well as efficiency enhancement mainly attribute to the passive pitching other than the camber deformation. Partially deformed airfoil with the longest length of moderate flexible trailing edge can achieve the highest lift. This study may provide some guidance in the wing design of Micro Air Vehicle (MAV).     

Rotor airfoil aerodynamic design method and wind tunnel test verification

Well-designed airfoil is very important for high-performance rotor. This paper developed an efficient multi-objective and multi-constraint optimization design system for rotor airfoils based on RANS analysis, and verified the performance of the optimized airfoil. Using CRA09-A as the baseline rotor airfoil, the CRA09-B optimized rotor airfoil was designed successfully. Combined with the foundation of high-precision rotor airfoil stationary test technology, the CRA09-B and CRA09-A rotor airfoils were tested in the S3MA high-speed wind tunnel of ONERA. In order to correct the aerodynamic data, a single parameter linear wall pressure method is used to consider the tunnel effects. The results indicate that multi-objective and multi-constraint optimization design method developed in this study is reliable, and that CRA09-B optimized airfoil provides better stationary performance than CRA09-A airfoil in terms of maximum lift coefficient and lift-to-drag ratio.     

多相等离子体气动激励抑制翼型失速分离的实验

开展了多相等离子体气动激励抑制NACA0015翼型失速分离的实验,详细研究了翼型升阻特性随激励电压、激励相角、输入电压波形和占空比等激励参数的影响.研究表明:雷诺数Re=4.9×105(来流速度60m/s)时,多相等离子体气动激励可有效抑制NACA0015翼型吸力面的流动分离,将翼型临界失速攻角提高2°;相位对流动控制...