叶型受感部设计及结构优化

设计了用于航空发动机压气机级间参数测量的叶型受感部。通过风洞校准试验,得出在不同来流速度条件下,压力叶型受感部的不敏感角范围及总压测量误差和温度叶型受感部的总温测量误差,确定了影响叶型受感部测量准确度的主要因素。在试验结果的基础上,对叶型受感部结构进行了优化。     

基于翼型剖面重心调节的风机叶片优化设计

涡轮风机叶片在工作时受到离心力和气动力两种力的影响,而对转速较高直径较大的叶片,其离心力的影响因子较大。基于离心力产生的附加弯矩与叶片空气动力产生的弯矩相反的原理,本文介绍了一种较高转速大直径的玻璃钢薄壁结构涡轮风机叶片的设计,在叶片设计时采用调整叶片剖面重心的方法来实现叶片结构优化,所设计的叶片具有高效率低能耗的特点,已经被应用于冷却塔中。     

缝道参数对多段翼型气动性能的影响

数值模拟研究缝道参数对着陆构型多段翼型气动性能的影响,采用有限体积法求解雷诺平均N-S(Navier-Stokes)方程,湍流模型采用S-A(Spalart-Allmaras)模型,给出了多段翼型升力系数与表面压力系数随各缝道参数的变化规律.计算结果表明:采用的计算模型可用于二维多段翼型的计算;缝道参数对多段翼型气动性能的影响显著,在各个缝道参数的变化范围内升力系数均存在最优值,适当的缝道参数可以抑制后翼上表面逆压梯度,消除后翼分离,并保持前翼尾迹不与后翼边界层相掺混,提高多段翼型的气动性能.      

受宽带噪声激励的二元机翼随机振动系统的矩Lyapunov指数

通过计算受宽带噪声参激的二元机翼随机振动系统的矩Lyapunov指数,研究了系统的矩稳定和概率1稳定。首先在经典二元机翼颤振方程中加入随机激励,通过随机平均法、Girsanov定理和Feynmann-Kac公式得到关于矩Lyapunov指数的特征值问题。其次采用Fourier余弦级数对特征函数进行正交展开,得到系统矩Lyapunov指数的近似解析式。最后,通过Monte Carlo仿真验证了矩Lyapunov指数近似解析式的可信性,并讨论了系统参数、来流平均速度以及随机噪声谱密度对机翼稳定性的影响。     

网格拓扑和湍流模型参数对多段翼流动的影响

计算网格和湍流模型是影响CFD结果不确定的重要因素。基于NHLP-2D高升力翼型开展了数值试验对比研究,采用多块分区方法研究了适用于二维复杂构型的网格拓扑结构和网格分布方法,并在尽量排除网格影响因素的情况下,采用均匀设计方法初步分析了SST模型参数在低速多段翼型绕流流场中的影响大小。研究成果在工程应用中具有一定的参考价值。     

Experiment of heat transfer in oscillating turbulent flow in a pipe with constant heat flux

Heat transfer characteristics of oscillating turbulent air flow in a pipe heated with constant heat flux were experimentally investigated.The experiments were performed over a range of 245.7 to 902 of the kinetic Reynolds number and 25 to 175 of the dimensionless oscillation amplitude.The effects of these two dimensionless parameters were analyzed.The results show that the cycle-averaged local Nusselt number increases with both the kinetic Reynolds number and the dimensionless oscillation amplitude.The space-cycle averaged Nusselt number also effectively increases with the kinetic Reynolds number and the dimensionless oscillation amplitude.Based on the experimental data,a correlation equation of the space-cycle averaged Nusselt number for air in terms of these two dimensionless parameters has been obtained.      

仿生学翼型尾缘锯齿降噪机理

采用大涡模拟与声类比的方法研究了尾缘锯齿对翼型自噪声的影响。以SD2030翼型为研究对象,设计的尾缘锯齿幅值为10%弦长,周期为4%弦长。模拟了来流速度为31 m/s、0° 攻角下直尾缘翼型与锯齿尾缘翼型的流场,对应的基于弦长的雷诺数约为310 000。详细分析了尾缘锯齿对翼型尾缘湍流流场的影响,并通过FW-H方程计算大涡模拟提取的声源项,得到直尾缘翼型与锯齿尾缘翼型的声场。研究发现,锯齿尾缘可以明显降低翼型中低频范围内的噪声,在4 000 Hz以下,窄带噪声最多可降低约16 dB。但尾缘锯齿对翼型气动性能有着不利影响。进一步研究表明,该状态下翼型噪声主要由层流边界层引起的涡脱落噪声主导,尾缘锯齿可以抑制层流边界层引起的涡脱落现象,降低翼型升力脉动与尾缘附近的表面压力脉动,减弱尾缘处的低频湍流脉动与涡量,并有效降低尾缘附近涡的展向相关性,这些因素的综合作用使得翼型自噪声降低。     

Morphing wing flaps for large civil aircraft: Evolution of a smart technology across the Clean Sky program

Morphing wing structures are widely considered among the most promising technologies for the improvement of aerodynamic performances in large civil aircraft. The controlled adaptation of the wing shape to external operative conditions naturally enables the maximization of aircraft aerodynamic efficiency, with positive fallouts on the amount of fuel burned and pollutant emissions. The benefits brought by morphing wings at aircraft level are accompanied by the criticalities of the enabling technologies, mainly involving weight penalties, overconsumption of electrical power, and safety issues. The attempt to solve such criticalities passes through the development of novel design approaches, ensuring the consolidation of reliable structural solutions that are adequately mature for certification and in-flight operations. In this work, the development phases of a multimodal camber morphing wing flap, tailored for large civil aircraft applications, are outlined with specific reference to the activities addressed by the author in the framework of the Clean Sky program.The flap is morphed according to target shapes depending on aircraft flight conditions and defined to enhance high-lift performances during takeoff and landing, as well as wing aerodynamic efficiency during cruise. An innovative system based on finger-like robotic ribs driven by electromechanical actuators is proposed as morphing-enabling technology; the maturation process of the device is then traced from the proof of concept to the consolidation of a true-scale demonstrator for pre-flight ground validation tests. A step-by-step approach involving the design and testing of intermediate demonstrators is then carried out to show the compliance of the adaptive system with industrial standards and safety requirements. The technical issues encountered during the development of each intermediate demonstrator are critically analyzed, and justifications are provided for all the adopted engineering solutions. Finally, the layout of the true-scale demonstrator is presented, with emphasis on the architectural strengths, enabling the forthcoming validation in real operative conditions.     

旋翼翼型定常-非定常特性综合优化设计新方法

旋翼翼型对直升机旋翼及全机气动特性有至关重要的影响。结合直升机飞行特性及旋翼工作气动环境,本文提出了一种新的旋翼翼型设计理念,即定常优化设计同非定常设计相结合的方法来开展直升机旋翼专用翼型的优化设计。首先,建立旋翼翼型非定常气动特性的高精度CFD求解方法,以获得旋翼翼型在相应状态下的升力、阻力和力矩等气动参数。其次,针对旋翼翼型优化状态的特点,对于翼型静态优化及动态失速优化分别采用遗传算法和序列二次规划算法。在上述方法建立基础上,首先针对定常状态下的原始翼型(SC1095)进行优化设计,获得一个满足设计要求的静态优化翼型,进一步着重对该翼型在非定常状态下进行优化设计,成功地得到一种新翼型,并具有非常规外观。结果表明,在设计状态下,新翼型在保持良好定常气动特性的同时,明显减弱了动态失速状态下的分离涡,从而显著改善了翼型的动态失速特性。     

重气体介质中超临界翼型跨声速流动特性

采用Peng-Robinson非理想气体状态方程模拟重气体介质的热力学特性,并与雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程结合,形成封闭的重气体介质流动模型。针对超临界翼型流动问题,利用LU-SGS（lower-upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel）隐式时间推进格式和有限体积法,分别求解空气介质和重气体介质下的流动特性。数值模拟结果表明:在跨声速条件下重气体介质中超临界翼型的升阻力增大、超声速区域表面负压增加、边界层位移厚度减小、激波后移、表面摩擦阻力明显增大、后缘流动分离推迟。该研究为后续重气体介质中飞行器颤振特性研究及修正方法的发展提供了基础支持。