Aerodynamic optimization and mechanism design of flexible variable camber trailing-edge flap

Trailing-edge flap is traditionally used to improve the takeoff and landing aerodynamic performance of aircraft.In order to improve flight efficiency during takeoff,cruise and landing states,the flexible variable camber trailing-edge flap is introduced,capable of changing its shape smoothly from 50% flap chord to the rear of the flap.Using a numerical simulation method for the case of the GA(W)-2 airfoil,the multi-objective optimization of the overlap,gap,deflection angle,and bending angle of the flap under takeoff and landing configurations is studied.The optimization results show that under takeoff configuration,the variable camber trailing-edge flap can increase lift coefficient by about 8% and lift-to-drag ratio by about 7% compared with the traditional flap at a takeoff angle of 8°.Under landing configuration,the flap can improve the lift coefficient at a stall angle of attack about 1.3%.Under cruise state,the flap helps to improve the lift-todrag ratio over a wide range of lift coefficients,and the maximum increment is about 30%.Finally,a corrugated structure–eccentric beam combination bending mechanism is introduced in this paper to bend the flap by rotating the eccentric beam.     

Airfoil Aeroelastic Flutter Analysis Based on Modified Leishman-Beddoes Model at Low Mach Number

Based on modified Leishman-Beddoes (L-B) state space model at low Mach number (lower than 0.3), the airfoil aeroelastic system is presented in this paper. The main modifications for L-B model include a new dynamic stall criterion and revisions of normal force and pitching moment coefficient. The bifurcation diagrams, the limit cycle oscillation (LCO) phase plane plots and the time domain response figures are applied to investigating the stall flutter bifurcation behavior of airfoil aeroelastic systems with symmetry or asymmetry. It is shown that the symmetric periodical oscillation happens after subcritical bifurcation caused by dynamic stall, and the asymmetric periodical oscillation, which is caused by the interaction of dynamic stall and static divergence, only happens in the airfoil aeroelastic system with asymmetry. Validations of the modified L-B model and the airfoil aeroelastic system are presented with the experimental airload data of NACA0012 and OA207 and experimental stall flutter data of NACA0012 respectively. Results demonstrate that the airfoil aeroelastic system presented in this paper is effective and accurate, which can be applied to the investigation of airfoil stall flutter at low Mach number.     

大厚度钝后缘翼型气动性能计算研究

大厚度钝后缘翼型由于其气动和结构的优点,近来被作为大型风力机叶片设计时的内侧翼型成为风力机翼型设计的热点之一EULL由于此类翼型厚度和风洞阻塞度的限制,大雷诺数的风洞实验数据很少。耦合RANS方程和基于线性稳定性分析EULL捩预测方法,进行了大厚度钝后缘翼型气动性能计算研究。使用Gridgen程序生成计算网格,湍流模型为S-A模型。对常用的钝后缘修形方式如直接截断、对称增加厚度等并且有风洞实验结果的几种翼型进行了CFD计算并和实验结果及文献计算结果进行了比较。结果表明升力系数在线性段,计算结果和实验结果吻合很好,但是对失速迎角的捕捉能力差;阻力系数计算结果和实验值吻合较好。不同修形方式的计算结果为钝后缘修形设计提供了参考。     

Experimental study of ice accretion effects on aerodynamic performance of an NACA 23012 airfoil

In this paper,the effects of icing on an NACA 23012 airfoil have been studied.Experiments were applied on the clean airfoil,runback ice,horn ice,and spanwise ridge ice at a Reynolds number of 0.6 106 over angles of attack from 8° to 20°,and then results are compared.Generally,it is found that ice accretion on the airfoil can contribute to formation of a flow separation bubble on the upper surface downstream from the leading edge.In addition,it is made clear that spanwise ridge ice provides the greatest negative effect on the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil.In this case,the stall angle drops about 10° and the maximum lift coefficient reduces about50% which is hazardous for an airplane.While horn ice leads to a stall angle drop of about 4° and a maximum lift coefficient reduction to 21%,runback ice has the least effect on the flow pattern around the airfoil and the aerodynamic coefficients so as the stall angle decreases 2° and the maximum lift reduces about 8%.     

典型翼型参数化方法的翼型外形控制能力评估

现代飞行器的精细化设计需求要求翼型参数化方法具有精准的翼型外形控制能力。依据标准的风洞模型公差要求,以五个典型翼型作为测试翼型,分别对Hicks-Henne参数化方法、样条参数化方法、PARSEC参数化方法和CST翼型参数化方法的翼型外形控制能力进行评估,依据每个翼型参数化方法的评估结果并结合其固有特点进行适应性分析。结果表明:四种翼型参数化方法对翼型外形的控制能力存在较大差别,具有不同的适用范围。评估典型翼型参数化方法的所得结果可指导设计人员依据具体的设计需求选择适当的翼型参数化方法。     

湍动能模拟内部声激励的计算研究

为了研究襟翼表面的声激励对多段翼型升力特性的影响机理,利用湍动能假设进行数值计算研究。以湍动能的量值、雷诺数以及襟翼与主翼的搭接量为参数,研究上述参数的变化对升力特性的影响,得到的结果与实验值符合良好。在多段翼型缝道处加入湍动能的影响规律是：（1）在升力特性线性段减少了升力系数,在失速点附近可以推迟分离,提高升力系数;（2）当雷诺数增加时,湍动能对升力系数的影响量减小;（3）在搭接量为零时,湍动能的影响最大。上述规律与在缝道处加入声学激励的影响规律一致,表明采用注入湍动能来类比声学激励有一定的应用价值。     

射流微振荡器的设计与实验研究

设计了一种由双稳射流元件和振荡腔组成的射流振荡器,射流元件输出口经过振荡腔接回元件的控制口构成反馈。通过实验研究了供气压力、反馈管路长度和振荡腔容积等影响振荡频率的主要参数,同时分析了振荡器的工作机理,为射流振荡器的应用提供了理论和实验依据。     

翼型动态失速影响因素及流动控制研究进展

深入认识翼型动态失速，结合有效流动控制手段，对解决直升机、风力机桨叶等动态失速引起的高阻力、大低头力矩等气动问题具有重要意义。本文首先介绍了翼型动态失速的流场特点和危害，进而分析了缩减频率、雷诺数、马赫数以及翼型型面等参数对动态失速的影响，并在此基础上总结了常见的动态失速流动控制方法及其研究进展。等离子体气动激励易于产生快速、可控的宽频带气动激励，在动态失速控制领域具有潜力，本文着重介绍了等离子体气动激励动态失速控制的概念和流动控制原理，总结了近来年等离子体激励在翼型动态失速控制上的进展。     

基于全局信息的粒子群算法翼型综合优化设计

 翼型优化往往需要考虑众多的设计目标和约束条件,对此发展了稳健高效的翼型综合优化方法。在粒子群优化算法中用繁殖策略深度挖掘由Kriging代理模型所获取的全局信息,对基准函数优化、翼型几何外形重构与层流翼型优化问题进行了测试,结果表明该算法可大幅度提高优化速度。将改进的Hicks-Henne翼型参数化方法和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程流场求解器与优化算法相结合,采用可方便确定权重系数的多目标非线性适应值加权方法,分别对多点、多目标和多约束的超临界翼型与低速翼型进行综合优化,计算结果表明该方法可大大提高气动外形优化的工程实用性。     

气动变量参数化的压气机转子三维数值优化

采用"试验设计+响应面模型+遗传算法"的优化设计体系,结合压气机设计常用的叶片造型程序和流场模拟软件,搭建了轴流压气机叶片三维优化设计平台,并对某涡喷发动机加零级压气机的零级转子进行了优化.优化目标为极大化转子的设计点绝热效率.约束条件为流量、增压比基本不变.分别以相对气流角和气流脱轨角作为优化自变量,进行了两个算例的优化.即为与现代设计系统相接轨,不同于叶片几何参数优化,取设计中具有物理含义的气动参数作为优化自变量.优化后的绝热效率分别提高了0.82和0.73个百分点.