Mesh-dependence of Material with Softening Behavior

The issue of mesh-dependence emerges when the conventional continuum damage model is applied to handling the softening behavior. In order to circumvent the mesh-dependence, the non-local theory is introduced into the conventional damage model and the finite element formulas are derived for two-dimensional gradient-enhanced damage model. A new element is proposed in which the basic unknown quantities are displacement, non-local equivalent strain and the gradient of non-local equivalent strain. The element and constitutive equation proposed in this article are added to the finite element software ABAQUS through user subroutine UEL. Numerical results show that the gradient-enhanced damage model can eliminate the mesh-dependence and is effective for dealing with the issue of softening behavior.     

参与式案例教学法在《安全管理实务》中的应用

结合教学实践,针对安全管理实务课程内容和特点,提出参与式案例教学方法。该方法给学生提供了一个宽松、平等、积极的环境,有利于提高学生参与教学的积极性,有助于学生在参与过程中灵活运用所学知识、技能,有助于提高学生解决实际问题的能力和综合素质,培养团队合作意识,提高就业竞争力。     

太阳电池阵列模拟器计量测试方法研究

对太阳电池阵列模拟器(SAS)的设计原理和技术要求进行了分析,并根据分析结果对太阳电池阵列模拟器计量测试方法进行了研究。     

示波器输入电容对上限截止频率测量的影响

单管放大电路是模拟电路中的一个经典实验。通过这个实验,学生可以更好地掌握静态工作点的调整和测试方法,并通过测量放大电路的主要性能指标,体会静态工作点对动态特性的影响。实验电路的上限截止频率仿真值和实测值存在较大差异,本文针对这个问题进行了详细的分析,指出示波器的输入电容是引起差异的主要原因,并进一步讨论了可有的改进测试方法。     

最佳传力特性的偏置曲柄滑块机构解析法设计

本文根据偏置曲柄滑块机构的运动特性和传力特性所建立的函数关系，运用极值理论推导出给定条件下传力特性最佳的计算公式，大大方便了设计应用，值得推广。     

利用流线法决定绕扁长椭球流动分离的位置

本文按照流线法把所测量的扁长椭球的压力分布用于决定涡层型三维流动分离,按边界层边缘处流线会聚的位置近似地决定分离线的位置。作为算例,计算了扁长椭球体在α=30°状态下的绕流,并在水洞中作了流场显示,数值结果和实验结果的对比表明,二者十分一致。分析表明,涡层型分离不仅与壁面极限流线的收敛有关,而且还与边界层边缘处流线会聚有关,前者的出现并不是引起涡层型流动分离的充要条件。     

高阶面元法计算多段翼型之位流

本文给出了一种求解多段翼型位流的高阶面元法。面元和奇点的分布分别采用了二阶和三阶的形式。由于高阶面元法较为精确地反映了绕流体的几何形状和奇点表面分布,本文给出了比低阶面元法更为精确的解,并且消除了低阶面元法计算中经常出现的翼型后缘处解的波动。     

平板上挡板前后涡核位置的测量

在水洞中用氢气泡法在平板上挡板前后的涡核位置进行了测量。本试验旨在确定挡板高度及其雷诺数对涡核装置的影响，结果表明，（ａ）对于单个挡板情况，涡核离开平板的高度和涡核与挡板的距离将随着挡板的高度增加而增加，但涡核的高度和距离与挡板高度的比例随挡板高度的增加而降低；（ｂ）对于两个挡板情况，挡板的高度和挡板之间的距离对涡核位置的影响是主要的。     

Global aerodynamic design optimization based on data dimensionality reduction

In aerodynamic optimization, global optimization methods such as genetic algorithms are preferred in many cases because of their advantage on reaching global optimum. However, for complex problems in which large number of design variables are needed, the computational cost becomes prohibitive, and thus original global optimization strategies are required. To address this need, data dimensionality reduction method is combined with global optimization methods, thus forming a new global optimization system, aiming to improve the efficiency of conventional global optimization. The new optimization system involves applying Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) in dimensionality reduction of design space while maintaining the generality of original design space. Besides, an acceleration approach for samples calculation in surrogate modeling is applied to reduce the computational time while providing sufficient accuracy. The optimizations of a transonic airfoil RAE2822 and the transonic wing ONERA M6 are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed new optimization system. In both cases, we manage to reduce the number of design variables from 20 to 10 and from 42 to 20 respectively. The new design optimization system converges faster and it takes 1/3 of the total time of traditional optimization to converge to a better design, thus significantly reducing the overall optimization time and improving the efficiency of conventional global design optimization method.