单晶合金蠕变性能影响因素分析

通过分析热处理工艺、元素含量、晶体取向性以及温度和应力对蠕变性能的影响,得出任何1种影响合金蠕变性能的因素其实质都是改变了合金的微观组织,并最终反映到γ′筏形的完善程度S、终端密度TD和线性密度LD上。S值越接近1,γ′筏形的完善程度越好,蠕变寿命就越长;而TD和LD值越大,微观组织图内筏形交叉和中断的数目就越多,蠕变寿命就越短。     

机翼顶起设计解析

飞机全机顶起是飞机维护时必不可少的操作程序,其中机翼顶起是全机顶起的一个重要组成部分。机翼顶起设计包括两个方面内容,即顶垫设计和机翼千斤顶选型。顶垫设计与顶起点结构设计、机翼千斤顶选型是联合设计、相互影响的。     

侧载及加热方位对槽道内临界热流密度影响

为了研究侧载以及加热方位对矩形窄缝槽道内临界热流密度特性的影响,在旋转平台上进行了两相流的超重力实验.以蒸馏水为工质,通过改变质量流速、入口温度、侧载大小以及加热方位,获得了发生临界换热现象时的质量流速、实验段压降和壁温的变化趋势,考察了侧载和加热方位对临界热流密度的影响规律,并对侧载下两相流不稳定性进行了简析.实验表明:发生临界换热时,壁温迅速上升,有效加热热流开始减少,关闭加热电源后,实验段压降下降、质量流速回升较明显;侧载以及不同的加热方位对临界热流密度有明显影响;临界热流密度发生前后,蒸汽回流导致进口温度上升,增加了流动的不稳定性.      

Remaining useful life estimation for deteriorating systems with time-varying operational conditions and condition-specific failure zones

Dynamic time-varying operational conditions pose great challenge to the estimation of system remaining useful life (RUL) for the deteriorating systems. This paper presents a method based on probabilistic and stochastic approaches to estimate system RUL for periodically moni-tored degradation processes with dynamic time-varying operational conditions and condition-specific failure zones. The method assumes that the degradation rate is influenced by specific oper-ational condition and moreover, the transition between different operational conditions plays the most important role in affecting the degradation process. These operational conditions are assumed to evolve as a discrete-time Markov chain (DTMC). The failure thresholds are also determined by specific operational conditions and described as different failure zones. The 2008 PHM Conference Challenge Data is utilized to illustrate our method, which contains mass sensory signals related to the degradation process of a commercial turbofan engine. The RUL estimation method using the sensor measurements of a single sensor was first developed, and then multiple vital sensors were selected through a particular optimization procedure in order to increase the prediction accuracy. The effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method are presented in a comparison with exist-ing methods for the same dataset.     

Prediction of cutting forces in ball-end milling of 2.5D C/C composites

Machining of carbon/carbon (C/C) composite materials is difficult to carry out due to its high specific stiffness, brittleness, anisotropic, non-homogeneous and low thermal conductivity, which can result in tear, burr, poor surface quality and rapid wear of cutters. Accurate and fast pre-diction of cutting forces is important for milling C/C composite materials with high quality. This paper presents an alternative cutting force model involving the influences of the directions of fiber. Based on the calculated and experimental results, the cutting forces’ coefficients of 2.5D C/C com-posites are evaluated using multiple linear regression method. Verification experiment has been car-ried out through a group of orthogonal tests. Results indicate that the proposed model is reliable and can be used to predict the cutting forces in ball-end milling of 2.5D C/C composites.     

面向非合作目标抓捕的机械臂轨迹规划方法

文章针对非合作目标抓捕问题设计了基于误差反馈系数的机械臂轨迹规划算法.考虑到空间机械臂在轨服务要求,采用反作用零空间方法来规划机械臂运动轨迹以实现机械臂与航天器之间的协调运动.为避免在规划起始阶段位姿误差较大可能导致机械臂关节速度过大的问题,引入了位姿误差反馈系数.为对空间机械臂抓捕非合作目标的轨迹规划技术进行验证,搭建了地面半物理仿真系统.试验结果表明,通过合理选择位姿误差反馈系数,设计的轨迹规划算法能够使固定基座机械臂末端执行器以较为均匀的速度逼近非合作目标,并能以较高精度实现对非合作目标的抓捕.该试验可以为空间机械臂抓捕非合作目标的轨迹规划提供参考.     

高精度UT1-UTC差分预报方法研究

针对卫星导航所需的高精度地球定向参数(EOP)中的UT1-UTC预报问题,提出了基于双差分LS+AR的UT1-UTC参数预报方法。对UT1-UTC观测数据进行跳秒检测、固体地球带谐潮汐项改正,然后对改正后的UT1-UTC数据进行双差分处理,增强数据平稳性;采用最小二乘拟合(LS)与自回归(AR)分析方法对差分处理后的数据进行分析与预报;对预报结果进行逆差分处理与潮汐项改正外推、跳秒恢复,获取高精度的UT1-UTC预报值。通过与国际EOP_PCC预报结果对比表明,UT1-UTC短期预报精度与EOP_PCC较优的预报精度相当,其中1天UT1-UTC预报精度优于0.03ms,优于EOP_PCC预报结果。介绍了北京航天飞行控制中心的UT1-UTC每日例行预报情况。     

插装式液控能源选择阀的设计与分析

针对液压系统油源的安全性及可靠性问题,提出油源冗余设计方法,即多油源供给多负载,当某一油源发生故障时能源选择阀切断故障油源,由其他油源给负载提供基本液压能源,系统能完成必须的服役性能。针对液压系统能源选择阀存在的频繁换向与振动问题,提出一种插装式液控能源选择阀,其先导阀采用锥阀和可变阻尼形式,主阀采用三台肩且终端有缓冲功能的滑阀。建立了插装式液控能源选择阀的数学模型,分析了能源选择阀在两种模拟故障下的切换压力及切换时间、油源压力脉动等特性。理论分析结果表明,油源压力阶跃和线性变化时,某能源选择阀切换时间分别为5 ms和7 ms。当压力发生波动时,主阀不会发生振动,还可通过液控先导阀结构设计来控制切换压力和回复压力大小。     

月面冯·卡门撞击坑的着陆选址和科学探测目标浅析

冯·卡门（Von Kármán）撞击坑位于月球背面南极—艾肯（South Pole-Aitken,SPA）盆地中部,是中国“嫦娥4号”计划的优先级较高的探测目标。对该撞击坑的着陆和探测,有助于揭示月球形成和演化的一些关键问题,在月球科学研究中具有重大的意义。论文概要总结了冯·卡门撞击坑的研究意义和科学价值;结合LRO卫星LOLA数据、Clementine UV-VIS数据、GRAIL数据、“嫦娥2号”卫星CELMS等数据,简要分析了冯·卡门撞击坑的地形、成分、深部结构和亮?%rater are analyzed with LRO satellite LOLA data,Clementine UV-VIS data,GRAIL data,and Chang''E-2 CELMS data and their scientific meanings are also presented. Finally,combined with our results and the previous prospects about theVon Kármán crater,three candidate landing sites and the possible scientific discoveries are proposed.