论中美贸易不平衡的客观必然性

中美贸易不平衡以及由此引起的贸易摩擦问题一直是中美双边贸易关系的敏感话题,产生贸易不平衡的原因是多方面的,但文章认为不平衡的根本原因是国际分工和产业结构调整导致的中国和美国形成的“贸易国家”和“金融国家”的分工格局决定的,因此,具有客观必然性和长期性,并据此提出相应的政策主张。     

马克思相对剩余价值理论的当代启示

马克思的相对剩余价值生产理论,揭示了资本主义生产方式的特殊运动规律,为我们提供了一把认识当代资本主义生产发展和技术进步的钥匙。其所阐明的许多具有普遍性的商品经济基本原理,如关于协作和分工在生产中的作用,以及机器与自动化体系在生产中的应用等论述,对我国发展社会主义市场经济无疑具有重要的指导意义。     

一种基于FFT的Galileo搜救信号频域检测方法

Galileo搜救系统是全球卫星搜救组织(COSPAS-SARSAT)的一部分,搭载于Galileo导航星座,能对遇险用户发出的求救信号进行定位并实施救援。经卫星转发的搜救信号信噪比很低,能否在低信噪比条件下完成卫星信号的检测对搜救系统的正常工作至关重要。为了解决这一问题,文章提出了一种基于快速傅里叶变换(FFT)运算的频域检测方法,通过理论分析和仿真验证可以看出,这种方法能有效地实现低信噪比条件下的卫星下行信号检测。     

一种有效的基于DSmT的合成公式

针对DSmT在解决强冲突证据融合问题时存在的不足,提出了一种有效的冲突证据合成方法,即在保留冲突焦元的基础上对冲突量进行重新分配。仿真结果表明,新的合成公式提高了目标识别的可靠性与合理性,即使对于高度冲突的证据,也能够取得理想的合成结果。     

Human response to high-background radiation environments on Earth and in space

The main long-term objective of the space exploration program is the colonization of the planets of the Solar System. The high cosmic radiation equivalent dose rate represents an inescapable problem for the safe establishment of permanent human settlements on these planets. The unshielded equivalent dose rate on Mars ranges between 100 and 200 mSv/year, depending on the Solar cycle and altitude, and can reach values as high as 360 mSv/year on the Moon. The average annual effective dose on Earth is about 3 mSv, nearly 85% of which comes from natural background radiation, reduced to less than 1 mSv if man-made sources and the internal exposure to Rn daughters are excluded. However, some areas on Earth display anomalously high levels of background radiation, as is the case with thorium-rich monazite bearing sand deposits where values 200–400 times higher than the world average can be found. About 2% of the world’s population live above 3 km and receive a disproportionate 10% of the annual effective collective dose due to cosmic radiation, with a net contribution to effective dose by the neutron component which is 3–4 fold that at sea level. Thus far, epidemiological studies have failed to show any adverse health effects in the populations living in these terrestrial high-background radiation areas (HBRA), which provide an unique opportunity to study the health implications of an environment that, as closely as possibly achievable on Earth, resembles the chronic exposure of future space colonists to higher-than-normal levels of ionizing radiation. Chromosomal aberrations in the peripheral blood lymphocytes from the HBRA residents have been measured in several studies because chromosomal damage represents an early biomarker of cancer risk. Similar cytogenetic studies have been recently performed in a cohort of astronauts involved in single or repeated space flights over many years. The cytogenetic findings in populations exposed to high dose-rate background radiation on Earth or in space will be discussed.     

Current status of X-ray spectrometer development in the SELENE project

The X-ray spectrometer (XRS) on the SELENE (SELenological and ENgineering Explorer) spacecraft, XRS, will observe fluorescent X-rays from the lunar surface. The energy of the fluorescent X-ray depends on the elements of which the lunar soil consists, therefore we can determine elemental composition of the upper most lunar surface. The XRS consists of three components: XRF-A, SOL-B, and SOL-C. XRF-A is the main sensor to observe X-rays from the lunar surface. SOL-B is direct monitor of Solar X-ray using Si-PIN photodiode. SOL-C is another Solar X-ray monitor but observes the X-rays from the standard sample attached on the base plate. This enables us to analyze by a comparative method similar to typical laboratory XRF methods. XRF-A and SOL-C adopt charge coupled device as an X-ray detector which depletion layer is deep enough to detect X-rays. The X-ray spectra were obtained by the flight model of XRS components, and all components has been worked well to analyze fluorescent X-rays. Currently, development of the hardware and software of the XRS has been finished and we are preparing for system integration test for the launch.     

复杂空冷叶片换热特性研究

为了深入了解空冷透平动叶的冷却机理和冷气流动特性,对某重型燃机透平动叶进行了气-热耦合数值模拟。结果表明,叶尖开孔可以促进冷气在蛇形通道中的流动,改善冷却效果;涡流矩阵通道中子通道的宽度与高度比减小会加大涡流矩阵通道中的流动阻力,从而改变冷却的效果,其宽高比与冷气进口条件存在一个最佳组合关系;涡流矩阵通道结构与叶尖之间的间隙会降低冷气的利用率。     

池沸腾现象中热毛细对流的成因

针对微重力条件下单组份液体池沸腾现象,探讨了有关热毛细效应作用及其成因的不同观点,指出正确描述气液相变界面两侧的温度关系是解决争议的关键.详细评述了现有的气液相变界面温度模型,发现气液相变的非平衡特征会导致气液界面上产生温度梯度,引起表面张力的显著差异,从而驱动热毛细对流的形成.但现有气液相变界面温度模型机理差异迥然,预测结果也差别很大,因此,需要更深入研究.      

基于Shape-from-Shading的月球表面三维形状恢复算法研究

提出了一种基于Shape-from-Shading的月球表面三维形状恢复算法。首先分析了在太阳光照射下月球表面成像模型,建立了使用Lommel-Seeliger反射模型描述的反射图方程。然后用有限差分近似微分运算,将反射图方程所示的一阶变系数线性偏微分方程进行离散化处理,得到关于表面高度函数的代数方程。进而采用超松弛迭代法进行求解,获得月球表面三维高度函数值。最后使用合成图像和实际月球图像进行三维形状恢复仿真实验。实验结果表明提出的算法可以有效地恢复月球表面三维形状。     

环月轨道器运动中的月球物理天平动问题

采用类似对地球岁差章动的处理方法,讨论月球物理天平动对月心赤道坐标系 以及月球卫星轨道的影响。在对月球物理天平动的分析表达式与高精度数值历表进行比较的 基础上,给出了相应的月球引力位的变化及相应的坐标系附加摄动解,清楚地表明了对月球 卫星轨道影响的规律。所获结果与数值解进行了比对,证实了从定性和定量两个方面来看本 文的讨论都是有意义的,从而表明月球物理天平动分析解的简单表达式在某些问题中（特别 是定轨和预报）是有实用价值的,而且在建立轨道摄动分析解时,无需像地球卫星那样,去 引进混合形式的轨道坐标系,采用历元月心平赤道坐标系即可。最终表明：无论是采用数值 法定轨和预报还是分析法定轨和预报,均可采用统一的月心平赤道坐标系,这可避免一些不 必要的坐标转换。