柴油发动机热管理系统的高度特性

基于空中和高原环境的特点,研究了柴油发动机散热器传热性能的高度特性;进一步建立了发动机热管理系统的流动和传热模型,研究了热管理系统的高度特性;给出了基于最小功耗原则的热管理系统运行参数匹配方法.在固定系统热负荷条件下的计算结果表明:随着海拔高度的增加,在空中环境下,散热器的散热性能先上升后下降,热管理系统中冷却液和润滑油温度先下降后上升,热管理系统所需的最小功耗先减小后增加;在高原环境下,散热器的散热性能随高度增加大幅下降,热管理系统中冷却液和润滑油温度大幅上升,发动机出现过热问题,为了给发动机提供足够的散热能力,热管理系统所需要的最小功耗随着海拔高度的增加而大幅增加.      

平箔片楔形高度对气体止推箔片轴承特性影响

针对波箔型气体止推箔片轴承,建立了箔片结构二维薄板模型,并通过有限差分法和有限元法耦合求解可压缩气体Reynolds方程和气膜厚度方程,获得了给定轴承载荷条件下轴承气膜压力分布、气膜厚度分布、平箔片变形量和功率损耗等轴承特性.通过对比楔形高度分别为25,70,100,200,300μm时的轴承特性仿真结果研究了楔形高度对轴承性能的影响.结果表明:降低楔形高度使轴承气膜压力分布更均匀,并降低了平箔片的局部集中载荷.但楔形高度存在一个最佳值,使得达到相同轴承载荷所需的最小气膜厚度最大,并且轴承具有最小功率损耗,提高了轴承的工作效率.该结果为气体止推箔片轴承的结构设计提供的理论参考.      

预燃式等离子体射流点火器工作特性实验研究

为解决发动机点火包线小于飞行包线的实际问题,提供等离子体点火技术在航空发动机中的工程应用新思路,论文设计了一种预燃式等离子体射流点火器,实验研究了放电特性和射流特性。结果表明,预燃式等离子体射流点火器与空气等离子体射流点火器相比,在提升射流能量降低电源功率方面有着较大的优势,电流相同时通入甲烷在较大流量时可减小驱动电源功率,总流量为44L/min时,减幅可达14.99%;同时预燃式等离子体射流较空气等离子体射流稳定,且射流长度增加,扩大了点火面积,有利于点火。     

基于离散粒子群算法的航空发动机总装工艺优化方法

为了提高航空发动机总装工作的效率与质量,加强对总装工序和总装机件的管控,量化不同总装人员工作任务量,提高发动机总装的一致性和可追溯性,提出了1种发动机总装分区优化方法。以改进的2进制粒子群算法为基础,平衡了发动机总装各区域的工作内容,最小化各总装区域的工作差异,增强了每个区域装配机件的关联度,提高了总装工作的并行度,从而提高了装配质量。以某型发动机总装区域划分工作为实例,通过上述算法进行了总装区域划分,量化了所有装配区域每一工序的具体装配内容,减小了不同装配区域间的机件差异,杜绝了缺件、剩件等装配问题。     

Optimization and verification of free flight separation similarity law in high-speed wind tunnel

Based on the similarity of separation time, a similarity law optimization method for high-speed weapon delivery test is derived. The typical separation state under wind load is simulated by the numerical method. The real separation data of aircraft, separation data of previous test methods, separation data of ideal wind tunnel test of previous methods, and simulation data of the proposed optimization method are obtained. A comparison of the data shows that the method proposed can improve the performance of tracking. Similarity law optimization starts with the development of motion equations and dynamic equations in the windless state to address the problems of mismatching between vertical and horizontal displacement, and to address the problems of separation trajectory distortion caused by insufficient gravity acceleration of the scaling model of existing light model. The ejection velocity of the model is taken as a factor/vector, and is adjusted reasonably to compensate the linear displacement insufficiency caused by the insufficient vertical acceleration of the light model method, so as to ensure the matching of the vertical and horizontal displacement of the projectile, and to improve the consistency between the test results of high-speed projection and the actual separation trajectory. The optimized similarity law is applicable to many existing free-throwing modes of high-speed wind tunnels. The optimized similarity law is not affected by the ejection velocity and hanging mode of the projectile. The optimized similarity law is suitable not only for the launching of the buried ammunition compartment and external stores, but also for the test design of projectile launching and gravity separation.     

基于拓扑优化和形状优化的桨叶结构设计

直升机旋翼桨叶剖面结构设计是研究旋翼动力学设计的基础。提出一种联合拓扑优化和形状优化的 两级优化设计方法,可用于桨叶剖面结构的设计。第一级优化以变密度法(SIMP)作为拓扑优化的材料插值方 法,以桨叶体积最小化为设计目标,约束桨叶节点位移和应力,建立桨叶的拓扑优化求解模型;第二级优化以重 构的桨叶模型为基础开展形状优化,降低局部应力集中以及找到合理的边界节点位置。对优化后的模型进行 有限元分析,结果表明:通过拓扑优化和形状优化的两级优化,能够得到满足强度和稳定性要求的结构布局,为 桨叶结构设计提供指导方案。     

A review of topology optimization for additive manufacturing: Status and challenges

Topology optimization was developed as an advanced structural design methodology to generate innovative lightweight and high-performance configurations that are difficult to obtain with conventional ideas. Additive manufacturing is an advanced manufacturing technique building as-designed structures via layer-by-layer joining material, providing an alternative pattern for complex components. The integration of topology optimization and additive manufacturing can make the most of their advantages and potentials, and has wide application prospects in modern manufacturing. This article reviews the main content and applications of the research on the integration of topology optimization and additive manufacturing in recent years, including multi-scale or hierarchical structural optimization design and topology optimization considering additive manufacturing constraints. Meanwhile, some challenges of structural design approaches for additive manufacturing are discussed, such as the performance characterization and scale effects of additively manufactured lattice structures, the anisotropy and fatigue performance of additively manufactured material, and additively manufactured functionally graded material issues, etc. It is shown that in the research of topology optimization for additive manufacturing, the integration of material, structure, process and performance is important to pursue high-performance, multi-functional and lightweight production. This article provides a reference for further related research and aerospace applications.     

多变量全局寻优与智能优化在星座组网中的应用

顶层任务规划通常与星座组网紧密结合,小卫星分散灵活的特性尤其适用于星群规模化在轨运行。针对热点区域覆盖和全球覆盖的不同任务需求,提出了对构型多变量进行全局寻优和利用智能优化技术进行星座构型优化的方法,两种优化方法可分别获得小规模星群最优效能与超大型星群的较优效能。优化方法不受轨道类型和任务目标分布的约束,具有良好的鲁棒性。     

100 kWe级空间快堆核电源系统仿真平台开发与应用

空间核反应堆电源作为一种具有竞争力的空间电源方案,正逐渐受到关注及应用。本文针对一个100 kWe级锂冷快堆耦合布雷顿循环的空间堆核动力系统方案,修改了RELAP5程序中的物性程序、换热模型,程序中的中子动力学模块使用蒙特卡洛方法计算快堆物理参数与堆芯控制调节参数,由此集成并建立一个空间快堆核动力系统综合仿真平台,应用该平台对100 kWe级空间堆核动力系统进行了稳态模拟与事故分析。结果表明:在瞬态发生后系统各参数变化符合预期,验证了各部件及控制系统的功能性及有效性;同时,还初步进行了仿真平台用于100 kWe级空间反应堆核动力系统设备的设计优化的实践,为空间快堆设计与安全分析提供了技术储备。     

Hypersonic reentry trajectory planning by using hybrid fractional-order particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm

This paper proposes a novel hybrid algorithm called Fractional-order Particle Swarm optimization Gravitational Search Algorithm (FPSOGSA) and applies it to the trajectory planning of the hypersonic lifting reentry flight vehicles. The proposed method is used to calculate the control profiles to achieve the two objectives, namely a smoother trajectory and enforcement of the path constraints with terminal accuracy. The smoothness of the trajectory is achieved by scheduling the bank angle with the aid of a modified scheme known as a Quasi-Equilibrium Glide (QEG) scheme. The aerodynamic load factor and the dynamic pressure path constraints are enforced by further planning of the bank angle with the help of a constraint enforcement scheme. The maximum heating rate path constraint is enforced through the angle of attack parameterization. The Common Aero Vehicle (CAV) flight vehicle is used for the simulation purpose to test and compare the proposed method with that of the standard Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method and the standard Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). The simulation results confirm the efficiency of the proposed FPSOGSA method over the standard PSO and the GSA methods by showing its better convergence and computation efficiency.