飞机初步设计中的响应面方法

通过对最优试验设计理论中响应面方法(Response Surface Methodology)的研究,提出一种可用于飞机总体设计阶段方案优选和参数分析的新方法。以某型无人驾驶飞机为例,描述了该方法的具体实施过程。实例表明,该方法具有满意的精度和较高的经济性。     

FL-7风洞发动机的优化控制

本文介绍了 FL-7风洞功率源——三台航空发动机控制系统,通过回归方程和协调控制方法达到对 M 数的优化控制。这个控制系统是一个非线性系统,它可用变参数的传递函数来描述。传递函数由实验数据拟合。在分析非线性动态模型的基础上,FL-7风洞发动机优化控制通过采用回归方程的预报控制及发动机和旁路活门间协调控制方法来实现。经 FL-7风洞运行试验表明,这个优化控制系统具有精度高、可靠性好、响应速度快且节省燃油等优点,它的性能指标是令人满意的,现已投入使用。本文最后给出了微机控制系统的逻辑电路和计算机程序。     

用最优轨迹分析法研究战斗机的敏捷性

利用最优轨迹分析法确定战斗机的敏捷性，并将最优控制问题转换为参数优化问题，由非线性数学规划理论解出参数变化规律。从典型示例飞机分析了不同迎角限制和推力下的控制策略及对功能敏捷性的影响。仿真结果表明，在转弯过程中适当放宽迎角限制和增加推力都能增大转弯速率，缩短转弯时间，从而改善飞机的功能敏捷性。     

奇异摄动法在数字飞行控制系统设计中的应用和实现

本文研究了线性定常离散奇异摄动系统的分解降阶,并进行了系统基于最优离散调节器理论的组合状态反馈设计。为了结合实际应用,提出了基于快子系统的龙伯格观测器设计方法。最后,用奇异摄动法具体设计了数字飞行控制系统(DFCS),并用微机予以实现。     

A Space Debris Primer for Astronomers

In this journal, 'space debris' usually carries implications of aerospace activities, but it was not always thus. Humankind has been concerned with sky debris (often not knowing it was that) since eyes were turned skyward. Before space exploration began, astronomers specialized in comet tails, asteroids, meteorites, aurorae and zodiacal light. It was inevitable that they stay near the forefront of the new space technologies, even before Explorer I explained the aurorae. Now, the emphasis is on manmade debris, for the simple reason that an astronomical experiment proved that to be the preponderant component of the total debris environment. We present here a review survey of the total near-Earth debris complex, artificial and cosmic. Our goal is three-fold: (1) To detail to both astronomers and spaceflight specialists the long and heavy astronomical activity, (2) to give an overview of what has been and is being done, and (3) to suggest some possible directions for the future.     

The GFZ real-time GNSS precise positioning service system and its adaption for COMPASS

Motivated by the IGS real-time Pilot Project, GFZ has been developing its own real-time precise positioning service for various applications. An operational system at GFZ is now broadcasting real-time orbits, clocks, global ionospheric model, uncalibrated phase delays and regional atmospheric corrections for standard PPP, PPP with ambiguity fixing, single-frequency PPP and regional augmented PPP. To avoid developing various algorithms for different applications, we proposed a uniform algorithm and implemented it into our real-time software. In the new processing scheme, we employed un-differenced raw observations with atmospheric delays as parameters, which are properly constrained by real-time derived global ionospheric model or regional atmospheric corrections and by the empirical characteristics of the atmospheric delay variation in time and space. The positioning performance in terms of convergence time and ambiguity fixing depends mainly on the quality of the received atmospheric information and the spatial and temporal constraints. The un-differenced raw observation model can not only integrate PPP and NRTK into a seamless positioning service, but also syncretize these two techniques into a unique model and algorithm. Furthermore, it is suitable for both dual-frequency and sing-frequency receivers. Based on the real-time data streams from IGS, EUREF and SAPOS reference networks, we can provide services of global precise point positioning (PPP) with 5–10 cm accuracy, PPP with ambiguity-fixing of 2–5 cm accuracy, PPP using single-frequency receiver with accuracy of better than 50 cm and PPP with regional augmentation for instantaneous ambiguity resolution of 1–3 cm accuracy. We adapted the system for current COMPASS to provide PPP service. COMPASS observations from a regional network of nine stations are used for precise orbit determination and clock estimation in simulated real-time mode, the orbit and clock products are applied for real-time precise point positioning. The simulated real-time PPP service confirms that real-time positioning services of accuracy at dm-level and even cm-level is achievable with COMPASS only.     

基于CFD的最优变后掠规律研究

为了探寻变后掠翼飞行器最佳后掠角的变化规律,基于计算流体力学计算技术,对变后掠翼身组合体进行了气动计算,结合遗传算法对计算结果进行全局寻优,探索最优变后掠规律.首先基于变后掠飞行器设计的要求与方法,建立了“旋转式”变后掠翼身组合体三维模型;其次通过在宽广速域绕流流场的CFD数值模拟,得到了气动数据;最后结合遗传算法对气动数据进行全局寻优,得出了升阻比最佳的后掠角变化规律.仿真结果表明,采用遗传算法对变后掠飞机最佳后掠角进行全局寻优,可以得到合理的最佳后掠角变化规律曲线:在亚声速速域内随着速度的增大,为了降低诱导阻力,提高升阻比,最优后掠角平缓增大;在跨声速速域内,为了延缓激波阻力的形成,最优后掠角急剧上升.     

再入飞行器的鲁棒设计技术研究

本文将鲁棒最优设计技术应用于再入飞行器被动式滚转控制问题，分别建立了二次滚转共振和滚转过零问题的鲁棒设计定义和数学模型，通过对关键小不对称量（如ｒｃｇ，Ｃ１０，Ｃｍ０）的容许偏差的限制，确保二次滚转共振和滚转过零概率在设计者期望的范围之内。本文给出了一个实际的设计例子，并用Ｍｏｎｔｅ Ｃａｒｌｏ随机抽样方法进行验证。结果表明，本文的思路是正确的，方法是可靠的。     

人工智能在卫星任务规划中的应用

智能规划与调度是实现卫星自主规划其飞行任务的关键。将人工智能方法应用于卫星的任务规划,以执行对地观测任务为例,将任务规划问题归于组合优化问题,建立了相应的数学模型,并应用Hopfield神经网络算法进行求解,结果表明,该方法可用于单个仪器的任务规划。     

飞机防滑刹车控制系统LQ最优控制仿真

采用现代控制理论线性二次型(LQ)最优控制理论对飞机自动防滑刹车控制ABS系统进行了深入的分析研究,并利用Matlab最优控制工具箱及Simulink对刹车控制系统进行了仿真,仿真过程综合考虑了飞机机体、机轮轮胎、路面状况、刹车控制装置的特性,以状态空间表达式导出了飞机刹车滑跑的动力学模型,通过调节制动压力来控制机轮的滑移率,使其达到期望值,求出最优反馈矩阵,将反馈矩阵代入仿真模型,最终设计出飞机防滑刹车系统最优鲁棒控制器.