基于空间光反馈的复合轴跟踪稳定特性研究

复合轴系统通过粗瞄结构和精瞄机构配合，解决了空间光通信大角度和高精度跟踪之间的矛盾，是实现高速率空间光通信的重要手段。但是粗瞄和精瞄配合工作也给复合轴系统带来了复杂的解耦问题，使整个系统的鲁棒性降低，在跟踪速率变化较快的目标时，容易出现振荡，甚至使系统处于不稳定状态。以复合轴系统为研究基础，通过伯德图对系统的跟踪带宽、精度和稳定性进行分析，得到解耦过程是影响复合轴系统稳定性的主要原因。提出了基于跟踪微分器的线性自抗扰复合轴控制解耦方案，在保证系统精度的情况下，抑制系统在解耦过程中可能出现的振荡发散现象。在卫星轨道模拟平台上进行复合轴跟踪实验，实验结果证明，在最大角加速度0.32°/s2的轨道运动和最大角加速度2.26°/s2的微振动情况下，改进复合轴控制有效地提高了系统跟踪的稳定性，最终跟踪精度优于1 μrad(3σ)。     

基于模式分集的星地激光通信技术研究

针对星地激光通信的大气湍流导致信号光损伤这一问题，实验搭建了一种能够补偿大气湍流的空间激光通信系统，采用模式分集接收结合最大比合并方法对大气湍流进行补偿，采用相干探测技术对高阶调制信号进行光电探测。在不同湍流强度下进行了传输实验，结果表明：模式分集空间激光通信系统的性能相比较于单模光纤接收系统有较大提升，随着湍流强度的增加，性能提升更加显著。在弱、中、强三种湍流强度以及相同目标误码率情况下，模式分集系统相比单模光纤接收系统分别降低了约4.2 dB、5.1 dB 和 5.5 dB的链路损耗。在弱、中、强三种湍流强度以及相同目标中断概率下，模式分集接收系统相比单模光纤接收系统分别降低了约3 dB、5.9 dB 和 4.3 dB的链路损耗。     

Particle filter-based real-time phase line bias estimation for GNSS-based attitude determination with common-clock receivers

Global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based attitude determination has been widely adopted in a wide variety of terrestrial, sea, air, and space applications. Recently, the emergence of commercial multi-GNSS common-clock receivers has brought new opportunities for high-precision GNSS-based attitude determination with single-differenced (SD) model. However, the key requirement of using this approach is the accurate estimation of the troublesome line bias (LB) in real-time. In this contribution, we propose a particle filter-based real-time phase LB estimation approach that apply to SD model with single-system single-frequency observations from common-clock receiver. We first analyzed the relationship between the integer ambiguity ratio value and the phase LB. It is proved that the accuracy of a given phase LB value can be qualified by the related ambiguity resolution ratio value, and the normalized ratio value can therefore be used to represent the likelihood function of observations. Then, we presented the particle filter-based real-time phase LB estimation procedure, and assessed its performance using GPS L1/BDS B1I observations from two datasets collected with different types of common-clock receivers in terms of the accuracy and convergence time of phase LB estimation, the computation load, and the positioning and attitude determination accuracy with respect to the double-differenced (DD) model. Experimental results demonstrated that the phase LB could be accurately estimated with short convergence time (generally within 15 epochs). Moreover, compared with the classical DD approach, the particle filter-based SD approach delivers comparable positioning root-mean-square (RMS) errors in the North and East components but significantly smaller RMS errors in the Up component. Accordingly, the achievable yaw accuracy is comparable whereas the pitch accuracy is remarkably improved. The improvements of positioning accuracy in the Up component and pitch accuracy are approximately 35.7 % to 63.7 %, and 33.3 % to 63.1 %, respectively. Additionally, the single-epoch computation time with our particle filter-based SD approach is generally 0.08 s, which is obviously larger than the DD approach but could still meet the requirements of real-time applications below 10 Hz sampling.     

中国典型气溶胶模型光学特性分析及在大气校正中的应用

针对中国区域内卫星影像大气校正中气溶胶模型的适用性问题，基于Lorenz-MIE理论，结合多角度偏振相机(DPC)的3个观测通道，分析了中国典型气溶胶模型的光学特性，并将其出现频率较高(>5%)的模型组合用于可见短波红外高光谱相机(AHSI)观测仿真数据的大气校正中。通过对比校正结果，得到如下结论:在大气较为清洁的情况下，适合应用城市污染型与夏季粉煤灰型的模型组合或二次污染型与夏季粉煤灰型的模型组合，对中国区域内卫星影像进行大气校正;在气溶胶光学厚度较大(或能见度较低)时，华北、华南和西北区域内卫星影像大气校正中二次污染型与夏季粉煤灰型的模型组合更为适用，华东区域则是城市污染型与夏季粉煤灰型的模型组合更适合。     

针对弹载卫星导航接收机干扰方向测定的算法研究

在弹载应用中,卫星导航接收机动态范围大,干扰方向相对接收机变化迅速,高动态导致自适应抗干扰算法产生的零陷深度变浅、范围变大,同时破坏了零陷附近接收的卫星信号,严重影响了 自适应空时滤波的抗干扰性能.研究弹载卫星导航接收机干扰方向的测定方法,通过干扰测向将天线零陷对准干扰方向,在指定方向形成波束,从而提高了接收机的抗干扰能力.针对弹载高动态对卫星导航接收机干扰方向测定实时性和准确度的要求,提出了 MUSIC-ESPRIT联合算法,将传统的ESPRIT算法的测定结果作为MUSIC算法的初始值,进而缩小谱峰的搜索范围.仿真结果表明,提出的MUSIC-ESPRIT联合算法与传统的MUSIC算法相比,在保证干扰测向精度的同时降低了计算量,满足弹载卫星导航接收机对干扰方向的测定要求.     

基于内腔光阱的光力加速度测量方法

内腔光阱中被捕获微粒的微小位移将导致腔内激光功率的大幅变化,可实现光阱系统的快速自反馈.基于这一原理,提出了一种新型加速度测量方案.该方案计算了内腔光阱中被捕获微粒的径向受力,建立了利用激光功率进行加速度传感的理论模型,并分析了工作点的选取对加速度测量的影响.系统以高频光电探测器作为加速度测量模块,可实现GHz量级的信号采集.内腔光阱将进一步促进光镊技术在惯性测量方向上的应用.     

Study of aerosol anomaly associated with large earthquakes (M>6)

We present the variation of unusual atmospheric phenomena, aerosols, to understand the preseismic irregularities for two major earthquakes in Japan. We consider aerosol optical depth and Angstrom exponent data retrieved from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard the Terra satellite to establish possible connections between earthquakes and the generation of aerosols. Variation of the aerosol parameters shows significant changes before the April 15, 2016, Kumamoto earthquake ($M=7.0,h=10$ km) and the November 21, 2016, Fukushima earthquake ($M=6.9$ and $h=9$ km), where M indicates the Richter magnitude and h indicates the focal depth. To identify the source of the aerosol particles, we use the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT-4). This model uses both Lagrangian and Eulerian approaches to compute trajectories and establish a source-receptor relationship. We compute backward trajectories to check whether the aerosol generated near the epicenter is due to the preseismic processes or is transported from other areas. From our results, we conclude the fine-mode aerosols are generated in the vicinity of the epicenter, 3–7 days before the earthquakes.     

飞秒光学频率梳在计量领域的应用

飞秒光学频率梳是超快激光光学领域的重要研究方向，通过将锁模激光器重复频率（f_r）及载波包络相移频率（f_o）锁定至微波频率基准，在时域上呈现出飞秒量级的周期性超短脉冲序列，在频域上呈现出一系列离散等间隔排列的纵模分量，广泛应用于时间频率传递，空间尺度测量和精密光谱测量等诸多计量科学研究领域。根据飞秒光频梳的基本原理，着重介绍了其在计量领域的应用研究，分析了在计量领域的重要作用及研究的重要意义。     

一种新型的空间分散计算模拟验证系统

人类生产力发展已经进入算力时期，计算能力将成为这个时期的新型生产力。未来大量分散化的算力、存储等资源分布在空间信息网络中，需要对其进行整合拉通，为业务提供便捷的按需使用。首先从下一代空间科学任务出发，阐述了未来空间分散计算实施的意义和价值，同时从空间信息网络和地面信息网络两个维度对国内外典型的分散计算项目和框架进行了系统调研。在此基础上，从云环境构建、云-边中间件以及边环境构建3个方面详细阐述了空间分散计算模拟验证系统的构建思路与方法，并进行了试验验证。验证结果表明，该系统能够实现虚拟化计算单元的动态部署与更新，且能够实现高效的舰船目标检测。相比于单星检测而言，系统通过多星联合的方式能够将检测效率提升45倍。