Optimal crater landmark selection based on optical navigation performance factors for planetary landing

Planetary craters are natural navigation landmarks that widely exist and are easily observed. Optical navigation based on crater landmarks has become an important autonomous navigation method for planetary landing. Due to the increase in observed crater landmarks and the limitation of onboard computation, the selection of good crater landmarks has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of landmark-based optical navigation. This paper designs a fast crater landmark selection method, which not only considers the configuration observability of crater subsets but also focuses on the influence on navigation performance arising from the measurement uncertainty and the matching confidence of craters, which is different from other landmark selection methods. The factor of measurement uncertainty, which is anisotropic, correlated and nonidentically distributed, is quantified and integrated into selection based on crater pairing detection and localization error evaluation. In addition, the concept of the crater matching confidence factor is introduced, which reflects the possibility of 2D projection measurements corresponding to 3D positions. Combined with the configuration observability factor, the crater landmark selection indicator is formed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by Monte Carlo simulations.     

下一代空间激光骨干网络全光处理技术

构建以高速激光链路为传输主体的空间激光骨干网络，是保障空间数据高速传输、提升信息共享率与时效性、实现信息服务网络全球覆盖的重要技术手段。空间数据容量的快速增加要求网络节点处数据处理带宽与之相适应且具备一定扩展性和兼容性。由于空间激光骨干网络节点较少、数据快速传输的特点，围绕我国下一代空间激光骨干网络节点处高带宽、低延迟的数据处理需求，基于交叉相位调制XPM和四波混频FWM两种光学三阶非线性效应分析并讨论了骨干节点处高速激光链路的交换/组播、制式转换及中继/再生全光数据处理技术，为我国下一代空间信息网络建设及高速激光链路的全面应用提供支撑。     

基于空间光反馈的复合轴跟踪稳定特性研究

复合轴系统通过粗瞄结构和精瞄机构配合，解决了空间光通信大角度和高精度跟踪之间的矛盾，是实现高速率空间光通信的重要手段。但是粗瞄和精瞄配合工作也给复合轴系统带来了复杂的解耦问题，使整个系统的鲁棒性降低，在跟踪速率变化较快的目标时，容易出现振荡，甚至使系统处于不稳定状态。以复合轴系统为研究基础，通过伯德图对系统的跟踪带宽、精度和稳定性进行分析，得到解耦过程是影响复合轴系统稳定性的主要原因。提出了基于跟踪微分器的线性自抗扰复合轴控制解耦方案，在保证系统精度的情况下，抑制系统在解耦过程中可能出现的振荡发散现象。在卫星轨道模拟平台上进行复合轴跟踪实验，实验结果证明，在最大角加速度0.32°/s2的轨道运动和最大角加速度2.26°/s2的微振动情况下，改进复合轴控制有效地提高了系统跟踪的稳定性，最终跟踪精度优于1 μrad(3σ)。     

Optimal trajectory design accounting for the stabilization of linear time-varying error dynamics

This study is dedicated to the development of a direct optimal control-based algorithm for trajectory optimization problems that accounts for the closed-loop stability of the trajectory tracking error dynamics already during the optimization. Consequently, the trajectory is designed such that the Linear Time-Varying(LTV) dynamic system, describing the controller’s error dynamics, is stable, while additionally the desired optimality criterion is optimized and all enforced constraints on the traje...     

中国典型气溶胶模型光学特性分析及在大气校正中的应用

针对中国区域内卫星影像大气校正中气溶胶模型的适用性问题，基于Lorenz-MIE理论，结合多角度偏振相机(DPC)的3个观测通道，分析了中国典型气溶胶模型的光学特性，并将其出现频率较高(>5%)的模型组合用于可见短波红外高光谱相机(AHSI)观测仿真数据的大气校正中。通过对比校正结果，得到如下结论:在大气较为清洁的情况下，适合应用城市污染型与夏季粉煤灰型的模型组合或二次污染型与夏季粉煤灰型的模型组合，对中国区域内卫星影像进行大气校正;在气溶胶光学厚度较大(或能见度较低)时，华北、华南和西北区域内卫星影像大气校正中二次污染型与夏季粉煤灰型的模型组合更为适用，华东区域则是城市污染型与夏季粉煤灰型的模型组合更适合。     

Study of aerosol anomaly associated with large earthquakes (M>6)

We present the variation of unusual atmospheric phenomena, aerosols, to understand the preseismic irregularities for two major earthquakes in Japan. We consider aerosol optical depth and Angstrom exponent data retrieved from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard the Terra satellite to establish possible connections between earthquakes and the generation of aerosols. Variation of the aerosol parameters shows significant changes before the April 15, 2016, Kumamoto earthquake ($M=7.0,h=10$ km) and the November 21, 2016, Fukushima earthquake ($M=6.9$ and $h=9$ km), where M indicates the Richter magnitude and h indicates the focal depth. To identify the source of the aerosol particles, we use the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT-4). This model uses both Lagrangian and Eulerian approaches to compute trajectories and establish a source-receptor relationship. We compute backward trajectories to check whether the aerosol generated near the epicenter is due to the preseismic processes or is transported from other areas. From our results, we conclude the fine-mode aerosols are generated in the vicinity of the epicenter, 3–7 days before the earthquakes.     

轴压载荷下薄壁整体壁板强度设计

在最佳设计面积比的情况下,整体壁板的设计可以得到较高的结构承载能力,但是对于整体壁板,蒙皮与筋条分离面的确定给实际设计工作造成很大障碍。本文针对这一问题开展了相关的研究工作,对蒙皮厚度在2.5mm～3.5mm范围内的“T”形整体壁板,在截面面积相同的条件下给定分离面位置,以最大失稳载荷为设计目标,得到蒙皮与筋条的最佳设计面积比。以此面积比设计的厚蒙皮“T”形整体壁板其承受轴压载荷的能力最强。     

飞秒光学频率梳在计量领域的应用

飞秒光学频率梳是超快激光光学领域的重要研究方向，通过将锁模激光器重复频率（f_r）及载波包络相移频率（f_o）锁定至微波频率基准，在时域上呈现出飞秒量级的周期性超短脉冲序列，在频域上呈现出一系列离散等间隔排列的纵模分量，广泛应用于时间频率传递，空间尺度测量和精密光谱测量等诸多计量科学研究领域。根据飞秒光频梳的基本原理，着重介绍了其在计量领域的应用研究，分析了在计量领域的重要作用及研究的重要意义。