幂律型流体射流破碎建模和实验问题探讨

简要回顾了射流破碎研究的现状,讨论了幂律型流体射流破碎建模和实验的相关问题。射流破碎建模的关键在于依据流体的胶凝结构和组份物性,射流与环境气体之间的作用关系,提炼主要影响因素。射流破碎实验研究的关键在于高分辨率和高速成像技术等光学测试技术。建模和实验的主要作用在于揭示射流破碎的机理,分析相关因素的影响,为喷注器雾化研究提供参考,为燃烧室冷却设计提供依据。     

螺旋桨目标的ISAR回波信号建模与分析

建立了一种螺旋桨回波散射点叠加模型（BSPS）。给出了基于逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）成像的螺旋桨调制模型（IBJEM）。根据螺旋桨的ISAR回波特性,对三种有不同螺旋桨结构的桨叶回波进行了成像仿真,讨论了螺旋桨结构参数对桨叶回波特性的影响。研究结果表明：该模型有较大的实用价值。     

某型民航客机改公务机应急出口变更适航符合性分析

民航客机改公务机后客座数会大幅降低,原有的应急出口布置存在超出适航要求的可能。研究了某型民航客机改为公务机后,对应急出口设置进行变更的可行性,分析了应急出口变更后对CCAR25.807条款的适航符合性,为今后民航客机改为公务机应急出口设计提供理论支持。     

亚声速外流与流体振荡器射流流场干扰研究

为了探究不同外流马赫数条件下,流体振荡器出口振荡射流与外流耦合的流动特性,通过非定常仿真方法研究了流体振荡器入口条件为落压比(Nozzle pressure ratio,NPR)为1.5、3,外流马赫数分别为0、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8时的三维瞬态流场,分析了外流对流体振荡器内部振荡特性的影响,以及流体振荡器出口振荡射流与外流相互作用时的下游空间流场特性。研究结果表明:NPR=1.5时,流体振荡器出口二喉道处均为亚声速,外流扰动会改变流体振荡器的内部振荡频率;NPR=3时,流体振荡器出口二喉道处存在声速截面,从而可有效隔离外流扰动。对于NPR=3,当外流Ma=0.2时,下游流场存在两对上下旋向相反的旋涡,上方为振荡射流所诱导的流向涡对,下方为马蹄涡对;当外流赫数大于0.4时,下游空间流场只存在一对流向旋涡,且旋涡可以有效排移截面中心处的低能流,使边界层的速度剖面更加饱满,形状因子变小;随着外流马赫数的增加,射流与外流的动量比减小,射流穿透深度减小,射流的展向影响范围也随之减小。     

提高飞行器升力的若干方法研究

本研究用数值模拟方法研究了四种增升方法。数据模拟的出发方程是可压流的Ｎ－Ｓ方程，格式为Ｂｅａｍ－Ｗａｒｍｉｎｇ格式的改进型。通过上述方法分别研究了：（１）动界效应对提高升力的作用；（２）涡的有利干扰对主升力面的影响；（３）吸气的驻涡增效应；（４）升力面下表面向下喷气的增升作用。研究结果表明，采用上述四种方法可有效地提高飞行器的升力，对改善飞行器的性能有着十分重要的意义。     

Experimental investigation and correlation development of jet impingement heat transfer with two rows of aligned jet holes on an internal surface of a wing leading edge

Extensive experimental studies on the heat transfer characteristics of two rows of aligned jet holes impinging on a concave surface in a wing leading edge were conducted, where50000 Rej 90000, 1.74 H/d 27.5, 66° a 90°, and 13.2 r/d 42.03. The finding was that the heat transfer performance at the jet-impingement stagnation point with two rows of aligned jet holes was the same as that with a single row of jet holes or the middle row of three-row configurations when the circumferential angle of the two jet holes was larger than 30°. The attenuation coefficient distribution of the jet impingement heat transfer in the chordwise direction was so complicated that two zones were divided for a better analysis. It indicated that: the attenuation coefficient curve in the jet impingement zone exhibited an approximate upside-down bell shape with double peaks and a single valley; the attenuation coefficient curve in the non-jet impingement zone was like a half-bell shape, which was similar to that with three rows of aligned jet holes; the factors,including Rej, H/d and r/d, affected the attenuation coefficient value at the valley significantly.When r/d was increased from 30.75 to 42.03, the attenuation rates of attenuation coefficient increased only by 1.8%. Consequently, experimental data-based correlation equations of the Nusselt number for the heat transfer at the jet-impingement stagnation point and the distributionof the attenuation coefficient in the chordwise direction were acquired, which play an important role in designing the wing leading edge anti-icing system with two rows of aligned jet holes.     

针栓式喷注单元膜束撞击雾化混合过程数值模拟

为了全面认识针栓式喷注器喷雾场结构，基于自适应网格加密技术和分三相计算的PLIC VOF（Piecewise Linear Interface Calculation Volume of Fluid）方法对针栓式喷注单元膜束撞击雾化混合过程进行了仿真分析，通过对两路推进剂分别进行界面追踪，获得了膜束撞击雾化混合过程的详细结构特征，与高速摄影试验结果定性定量对比均吻合较好，验证了数值方法的准确性。以此为基础对膜束撞击的喷雾场结构、撞击变形过程、流场涡结构、雾化破碎典型特征及破碎后的雾化混合分布特征进行了识别分析，结果表明：膜束撞击形成了液束未穿透液膜和液束穿透液膜2种不同的喷雾扇结构。膜束撞击形成的喷雾扇呈"Ω"形，膜束同时发生弯曲变形和横截面变形。另外，膜束撞击同时受到正压和剪切应力作用，导致了一系列复杂涡流现象，使得相互作用增强，雾化混合均增强，这也是膜束撞击喷注构型优于膜膜撞击的本质原因。最后，还发现膜束撞击喷雾场液滴分布呈现分区结构特征，分别是液束控制主导的上雾化区、液膜控制主导的下雾化区及夹在中间的混合区，实际中应兼顾雾化特性和混合特性，选取中等动量比膜束撞击，这可为针栓式喷注器的理论研究和工程设计提供重要参考。     

Parametric analyses for synthetic jet control on separation and stall over rotor airfoil

Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effects of synthetic jet control on separation and stall over rotor airfoils. The preconditioned and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations coupled with a k x shear stream transport turbulence model are employed to accomplish the flowfield simulation of rotor airfoils under jet control. Additionally,a velocity boundary condition modeled by a sinusoidal function is developed to fulfill the perturbation effect of periodic jets. The validity of the present CFD procedure is evaluated by the simulated results of an isolated synthetic jet and the jet control case for airfoil NACA0015. Then, parametric analyses are conducted specifically for an OA213 rotor airfoil to investigate the effects of jet parameters(forcing frequency, jet location and momentum coefficient, jet direction, and distribution of jet arrays) on the control effect of the aerodynamic characteristics of a rotor airfoil. Preliminary results indicate that the efficiency of jet control can be improved with specific frequencies(the best lift-drag ratio at F+= 2.0) and jet angles(40 or 75) when the jets are located near the separation point of the rotor airfoil. Furthermore, as a result of a suitable combination of jet arrays, the lift coefficient of the airfoil can be improved by nearly 100%, and the corresponding drag coefficient decreased by26.5% in comparison with the single point control case.     

PR状态方程在超临界喷射模型中的应用

针对超临界流体物性的特殊性,对超临界喷射数值模拟方法进行研究。基于PR状态方程建立了考虑超临界流体特点的超临界喷射数值模型,并采用该模型对超临界C10H22喷射到超临界N2环境中的喷射进行了数值模拟。对比研究了采用PR状态方程的真实气体模型和理想气体模型得出的密度、温度、质量分数分布以及超临界喷射长度和喷射扩张角的变化规律和差异性,并与试验数据进行了对比。结果表明:2种模型在物性预测上的差异会造成以上喷射特性模拟结果的巨大差异,理想气体模型模拟结果与试验数据误差很大,利用真实气体模型能够得到与试验数据较为吻合的结果。基于PR状态方程的超临界喷射数值模型准确可靠,可为碳氢燃料的超临界喷射现象提供参考。     

水下超声速过膨胀燃气射流的流场特性

为研究水下超声速过膨胀燃气射流的流场特性,在压力水筒中开展了大扩张比锥形喷管的固体火箭发动机水下点火实验,并基于雷诺时均Navier-Stokes（RANS）方法和流体体积（VOF）模型进行数值求解,分析了过膨胀燃气射流与水介质的相互作用过程。研究表明：超声速过膨胀燃气建立射流通道后,射流核心区长度随喷管落压比的减少而减少;射流核心区剧烈振荡,表现为高频的膨胀和收缩,振荡频率随喷管落压比的减小而增加,范围为100~200 Hz;射流边界不断振荡,并伴随波系结构变化,当过膨胀程度较大时,激波进入喷管使其发生流动分离现象,流动分离点周期性往复移动;分离区内压力脉动没有显著的特征频率,主要集中在100~600 Hz的宽频带,锥形喷管水下流动分离的简易判据为喷管出口压力不低于环境背压的0.44倍。